4.2 Ziyini kwenziwa ucwaningo?
Randomized kocwaningo babe izithako ezine eziyinhloko: ukunxenxa ababambiqhaza, eqenjini lokwelashwa, ukulethwa ukwelashwa, kanye nesilinganiso nemiphumela.
Randomized kocwaningo lungeza ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene futhi ingasetshenziswa ukutadisha izinhlobo eziningi ukuziphatha. Kodwa, ekujuleni yabo, randomized kocwaningo babe izithako ezine eziyinhloko: ukunxenxa ababambiqhaza, eqenjini lokwelashwa, ukulethwa ukwelashwa, kanye nesilinganiso nemiphumela. I age digital akashintshi ubunjalo eyisisekelo zokucwaninga, kodwa owenza kube lula logistically. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhathini esidlule kungase kube nzima ukukala ukuziphatha izigidi zabantu, kodwa manje uvame kwenzekani izinhlelo eziningi digital. Abacwaningi abahlole kungaba ukuthola indlela ukubophela lezi amathuba amasha bazokwazi ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa ezazingaphansi engenakwenzeka ngaphambili.
Ukuze wenze lokhu bonke kancane ukhonkolo-kokubili okwengeziwe ngalokho liye lahlala linjalo futhi okushintshile-masicabangele Michael Restivo futhi Arnout van de Rijt sika (2012) . Abacwaningi zazifisa ukuyiqonda umphumela yokufakaza ngokwethukela untanga imivuzo on iminikelo wokuhlela Wikipedia. Ikakhulu, bahlolisisa imiphumela ka barnstars, umvuzo ukuthi iyiphi Wikipedian anganika kunoma yibaphi abanye Wikipedian ukuba bavume umsebenzi onzima futhi ukukhuthala efanele. Restivo futhi van de Rijt wanika barnstars kuya ku-100 Wikipedians abafanelekayo. Khona-ke, Restivo novan de Rijt zilandelwa neminikelo abamukeli 'ezalandela Wikipedia ezako izinsuku ezingu-90. Bamangala kakhulu, abantu ababashisela ukhishwa barnstars zazivame ukuze uhlele okumbalwa ngemva kokuthola eyodwa. Ngamanye amazwi, lo barnstars owayebonakala emkhulu iyadumaza kunokuba ekhuthazayo esivivaneni.
Ngenhlanhla, Restivo futhi van de Rijt babengahlanganisiwe egijima "perturb futhi bagcine" experiment; babephelelwe a randomized ukuhlola. Ngakho, ngaphezu ekukhetheni abanikeli top 100 ukuze bathole barnstar, nabo abelethwe abanikeli 100 top kubani abazange banikeze barnstar. Lezi ezingamakhulu wakhonza njengeqembu control, futhi ngubani got a barnstar futhi ongazange wayezimisele ngezikhathi. Lapho Restivo futhi van de Rijt wambuka iqembu control bathola ukuthi kwakudingeka iconsi kwesifuba iminikelo kakhulu. Ekugcineni, lapho abacwaningi beqhathanisa abantu eqenjini ukwelashwa (ie, wathola barnstars) kanye nabantu eqenjini control, bafumana ukuthi barnstar yabangela abahleli ukuba neqhaza mayelana 60% ngaphezulu. Kodwa, ukuthandwa okwandayo kwale iminikelo ezenzeka njengengxenye yokwehla jikelele kuwo womabili la maqembu.
Njengoba kulolu cwaningo sibonisa, leli qembu control ucwaningo kusemqoka ngendlela kungacishe nakuba. Ukuze ngokunembile ukukala umphumela we barnstars, Restivo futhi van der Rijt kudingeka bagcine abantu ukuthi ayitholanga barnstars. Kaningi abacwaningi abangalwazi ngokuhlolwa bayiqonde ukubaluleka Amazing eqenjini control. Uma Restivo futhi van de Rijt akazange abe iqembu control, babeyoqhubeka bahoshé ncamashi safinyelela isiphetho esingafanele. Amaqembu Control zibaluleke kangangokuthi CEO of inkampani enkulu yekhasino akushilo ukuthi kukhona abathathu kuphela izindlela ukuthi abasebenzi ongaxoshwa inkampani yakhe iwukuthi: ukweba, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kanye egijima UCWANINGO ngaphandle iqembu control (Schrage 2011) .
Restivo futhi van de Rijt lesifundo utjengisa ukukhambelana izithako ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda le UCWANINGO: ekuqasheni, eqenjini, kokungenela, kanye nemiphumela. Zihlangene zonke, lezi izithako ezine izovumela ososayensi ukuba ukudlulela ngale ubudlelwane obuncane ulinganise umphumela esiyimbangela zokwelapha. Ngokuqondile, eqenjini kusho ukuthi uma uqhathanisa imiphumela yokwelapha kanye control amaqembu uthola ukulinganisa umphumela esiyimbangela kwalowo lulekelele ukuthi iqoqo ababambiqhaza. Ngamanye amazwi, ngenhloso randomized ukuhlola ungaqiniseka ukuthi yimuphi umehluko emiphumeleni zibangelwa ukungenelela hhayi confounder, yesimangalo ukuthi ngenza eqondile in Technical Isithasiselo besebenzisa uhlaka outcomes abangahle.
Ngaphezu kokuba umfanekiso nice we Mechanics ucwaningo, Restivo futhi van de Rijt lesifundo futhi kubonisa ukuthi Logistics ucwaningo digital kungaba ehluke ngokuphelele kusukela ekuhlolweni analog. In Restivo futhi experiment van de Rijt sika, kwakulula ukunikeza barnstar kunoma ubani emhlabeni futhi kwaba lula ukulandelela umphumela inombolo ukuhlelwa-enkathini eyisikhathi eside (ngoba hlela umlando ngokuzenzekela irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile Wikipedia). Leli khono ukuze akhulule zokwelapha nokukala nemiphumela kuwo akukho izindleko qualitatively ngokungafani ucwaningo esidlule. Nakuba lesi silingo abathintekayo abangu-200, kungenzeka ukuthi iye run nabantu 2,000 noma 20,000. Into esemqoka ekuvimbeleni abacwaningi kusukela ukunciphisa ukuhlolwa kwabo ezingaba ngu-100 awuzange kubiza, kwaba izimiso zokuhle. Okungukuthi, Restivo futhi van de Rijt wayengafuni ukunikeza barnstars abahleli abazifanelekeli futhi babengafuni umsebenzi wokulinga yabo bafuna ukuphazamisa lo mphakathi Wikipedia (Restivo and Rijt 2012; Restivo and Rijt 2014) . Ngakho, nakuba ukuhlolwa of Restivo futhi van de Rijt lilula, kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ezinye izinto nemaresiphi zisalokhu zinjalo futhi ezinye ziye zashintsha. Ikakhulu, logic eziyisisekelo zokucwaninga kuyafana, kodwa Logistics zishintshile. Okulandelayo, ukuze ukwehlukanisa ngokucace kakhudlwana amathuba adalwe lolu shintsho, ngizobuya qhathanisa ucwaningo ukuthi abacwaningi longayenta nyalo kute imihlobo ucwaningo eziye abayenzile esikhathini esidlule.
