Imisebenzi

Key:

• degree of nobunzima: lula , medium , kanzima , Kanzima impela
• kudinga izibalo ( )
• kudinga esephepheni ( )
• iqoqo idatha ( )
• Izintandokazi zami ( )

1. [ , ] Berinsky kanye nozakwabo (2012) Kuhlola Mechanical Turk ngokwengxenye ukuzandisa nemaresiphi ezintathu zakudala. Engaletha Classic Asian Izifo nokubiyela linga ngamasu by Tversky and Kahneman (1981) . Ingabe imiphumela yakho nomdlalo Tversky futhi Kahneman sika? Ingabe imiphumela yakho nomdlalo Berinsky kanye nozakwabo? Kuthiwani-uma ikhona-ingabe lokhu kusifundisani ngokusebenzisa Mechanical Turk for ucwaningo kwenziwa ucwaningo?

2. [ , ] In a ngandlela-thile ngolimi-in-esihlathini iphepha osesikhundleni "Kudingeka Sihlukane," isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo social uRobert Cialdini, omunye abalobi Schultz et al. (2007) , wabhala ukuthi umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi umsebenzi wakhe njengoba uprofesa, ngokwengxenye ngenxa nezinselele ayebhekana nazo enza ucwaningo nalokho field ngendlela isiyalo (Psychology) ikakhulukazi uqhuba lab kwenziwa ucwaningo (Cialdini 2009) . Funda iphepha Cialdini sika, bese ubhala ngaye i-imeyili bemncenga ukuba ayibheke ngamanye amehlo akhe break-up ekukhanyeni amathuba ucwaningo digital. Sebenzisa izibonelo eziqondile locwaningo okukukhathazayo yakhe.

3. [ ] Ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe izimo abaphumelela encane sokuqala Ilokhi-in nobe ishabalale, van de Rijt kanye kanye nozakwabo (2014) wangenela zibe izinhlelo ezine ezihlukene walokho impumelelo iqhaza ngezikhathi ezikhethiwe, bese kulinganiswa imithelela yesikhathi eside kule mpumelelo ngokungenasizathu. Ungacabanga ezinye izinhlelo lapho ungase ugijima Ekuhloleni okufanayo? Linganisa lwalezi nhlelo mayelana nezindaba lenani zesayensi, nolokukhungathekisa algorithmic (bheka iSahluko 2), kanye izimiso zokuhle.

4. [ , ] I Imiphumela yokuhlola kungaba kuxhomeke abahlanganyeli. Dala ukuhlolwa bese ugijime it on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) usebenzisa amasu ezimbili ezahlukene ukunxenxa. Zama ukukhetha amasu UCWANINGO ukunxenxa ukuze imiphumela kuyoba kwehluke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, amasu akho ukunxenxa kungaba ukuthola abahlanganyeli ekuseni kanti kusihlwa noma nxephezela abahlanganyeli namakhefu akhokhelwayo high and low. Lemibiko umehluko e ukunxenxa isu lungaholela amachibi ezahlukene ababambiqhaza kanye nemiphumela ehlukene zokuhlola. Kwenzeka kanjani ezahlukene imiphumela yakho kwaba namiphi imiphumela? Kusho ukuthini ukuthi yembulani mayelana egijima ukulinga MTurk?

5. [ , , , ] Zicabange uhlela Emotional Contagion cwaningo (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) . Sebenzisa imiphumela kusuka Ekuhloleni kwangaphambili elibukelayo by Kramer (2012) ukunquma inani labamba iqhaza isimo ngasinye. Lezi izifundo ezimbili awahambelani ngokuphelele ngakho qiniseka ngokucacile bhala yonke imibono ozenza:

   1. Gijimani sekulingisa ezokwenza banqume ukuthi zingaki ababambiqhaza bekuyodingeka ukuba bona nomphumela esikhulu njengoba nemphumela Kramer (2012) nge \ (\ alpha = 0.05 \) kanye \ (1 - \ beta = 0.8 \).
   2. Ingabe ukubala efanayo analytically.
   3. Njengoba sazi umphumela Kramer (2012) kwaba Contagion Emotional (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock 2014) phezu-powered (ie, ukuthini abahlanganyeli omningi kunalokho okudingekile)?
   4. Of imibono ukuthi wenza, ezithinta sakuthinta kakhulu ukucabanga yakho?

6. [ , , , ] Phendula umbuzo ongenhla, kodwa kunokuba usebenzisa i-Ekuhloleni kwangaphambili elibukelayo by Kramer (2012) sebenzisa imiphumela kusuka sangaphambili experiment emvelo ngokuthulisa Coviello et al. (2014) .

7. [ ] Kokubili Rijt et al. (2014) kanye Margetts et al. (2011) kokubili ukwenza ukuhlolwa ukutadisha inqubo abantu kokusayina sicelosikhalo. Baqhathanise nokwehluka ukuklanywa okutholakele yalezizifundo.

8. [ ] Dwyer, Maki, and Rothman (2015) iqhutshwa nemaresiphi ababili ubudlelwane izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha proenvironmental. Nakhu abstract ephepheni zabo:

   "Kungenzeka kanjani ukuba isayensi ezingokwengqondo angazisebenzisa ukuze akhuthaze ukuziphatha proenvironmental? Ngo izifundo ezimbili, wokungenelela onqophe ukugqugquzela energy ukuziphatha Yokuzivikela zangasese zomphakathi bahlola amathonya yamazinga achazayo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siqu. Ngo Study 1, isimo ukukhanya (ie, vula noma vala) kwaba ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi umuntu wangena endlini lencane umphakathi lutho, okuwuphawu kuyinsakavukela elichazayo ukuthi setting. Abahlanganyeli ngokuphawulekayo maningi amathuba okuba vula izibani off uma they were off uma bengena. Ngo ISifundo Sesi-2, isimo olwengeziwe kwahlanganiswa lapho yinto evamile ukuvala ukukhanya kwaboniswa ngumuntu limise, kodwa abahlanganyeli kwakungewona ngokwabo obangela turning it on. Okumele ukwenze lwentiwe ithonya imikhuba namazinga social ekuziphatheni; lapho abahlanganyeli babengenawo umthwalo turning on ukukhanya, ithonya kuyinsakavukela kwaba sancipha. Le miphumela zikhomba ukuthi izinkambiso wemfanelo womuntu siqu achazayo ungalawula ukuphumelela ukungenelela proenvironmental. "

   Funda iphepha bese Ukwakha iThrojani efaka isimeli zokutadisha 1.

9. [ , ] Ngokwakha umbuzo odlule, manje afeze design yakho.

   1. imiphumela ukuqhathanisa kanjani?
   2. Kungachazwa kanjani lokhu kungefani?

10. [ ] Sekube senkulumompikiswano enkulu mayelana kwenziwa ucwaningo ngokusebenzisa ababambiqhaza ukubuthwa Amazon Mechanical Turk. Ngo parallel, futhi sekube senkulumompikiswano enkulu mayelana kwenziwa ucwaningo ngokusebenzisa ababambiqhaza ukubuthwa undergraduate imiphakathi umfundi. Bhala memo enamakhasi amabili beqhathanisa eqhathanisa Turkers futhi undergraduates njengoba abacwaningi abahlanganyeli. ukuqhathanisa kwakho kufanele kubandakanye ingxoxo ka kuzo zombili lezi zimpikiswano zesayensi kanye yokudla.

11. [ Ibhuku] Jim Manzi sika engalawuliwe (2012) is a isingeniso esimangalisayo esandleni zokucwaninga kwezamabhizinisi. Encwadini yena udlulisele le ndaba:

    "Ngake emhlanganweni ibhizinisi genius weqiniso, usozigidi self-ezenziwe ababenolwazi olujulile, understating enembile amandla ucwaningo. Inkampani yakhe wachitha izinsiza eziphawulekayo uzama ukudala omkhulu efasiteleni lesitolo esithile ekhombisa ukuthi kwakuyoba ukuheha abathengi kanye nokwenyuka yokuthengisa, njengoba ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko wathi kufanele. Ochwepheshe bahlola ngokucophelela design emva design, futhi ukuhlolwa ukubuyekeza ngabanye sessions phezu nenkathi eyiminyaka engu waqhubeka ngokungakhombisi nomthelela obonakalayo esiyimbangela ye ngamunye ukubonisa nomklamo omusha on yokuthengisa. Senior marketing kanye merchandising abaphathi wahlangana CEO ukubuyekeza lezi imiphumela yokuhlola ngokomlando Toto. Ngemva ethula yonke idatha yokulinga, baphetha ngokuthi ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko eyayingalungile-ukuthi window ekhombisa musa ukushayela yokuthengisa. Isenzo sabo Kunconywa kwakuwukunciphisa nokubiza nemizamo kule ndawo. Lokhu ephawulekayo yabonisa ikhono zokucwaninga igingqike ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko. I-CEO asabela yayilula: 'isiphetho sami siwukuthi abaklami yakho kahle.' Isixazululo sakhe kwaba ukwandisa umzamo esitolo ukubonisa design, futhi uthole abantu abasha ukuba akwenze. " (Manzi 2012, 158–9)

    Yiluphi uhlobo sokuba semthethweni ukukhathazeka CEO?

12. [ ] Ngokwakha umbuzo odlule, zicabange ukuthi emhlanganweni lapho imiphumela ucwaningo kwaxoxwa. Yiziphi imibuzo emine ukuthi ungase ubuze, omunye uhlobo ngalunye sokusebenza (kwezibalo, enza, zangaphakathi, nangaphandle)?

13. [ ] Bernedo, Ferraro, and Price (2014) etadisha umphumela eneminyaka eyisikhombisa we kokungenela amanzi ukonga ezichazwa encwadini Ferraro, Miranda, and Price (2011) (bheka uMdwebo 4.10). Kuleli phephandaba, Bernedo kanye nozakwabo futhi afune ukuba siqonde indlela ngemuva umphumela ngokuqhathanisa ukuziphatha samakhaya babe futhi akuzange emva kokwelashwa wakhululwa. Okungukuthi, cishe, bazama ukubona ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa ishaya ekhaya noma wayenomuzi.

    1. Funda leli phepha, chaza design yabo, bese uzindla abakutholile. b) Ingabe lokho abakutholile usithinte kanjani kufanele bahlole izindleko-imphumelelo yekungenelela efanayo? Uma kunjalo, kungani? Uma ungakwazi, uhlulwa yini?

14. [ ] In a zokulandelisa ukuba Schultz et al. (2007) , Schultz kanye nozakwabo enze uchungechunge ucwaningo ezintathu umphumela imikhuba namazinga achazayo kanye injunctive ehlukile yokuziphatha kwezemvelo (ithawula ukusetshenzisa kabusha) ebujameni ezimbili (a hotel kanye Condo Ezinye) (Schultz, Khazian, and Zaleski 2008) .

    1. Fingqa ukuklanywa okwatholakala kwalezi ucwaningo ezintathu.
    2. Indlela, uma, ingabe bayashintsha ochaza Schultz et al. (2007) ?

15. [ ] Ephendula Schultz et al. (2007) , Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) nochungechunge ucwaningo lab-like ukutadisha design izindleko kagesi. Nakhu kanjani they describe it in the abstract:

    "Kokunye ukuhlola inhlolovo-based, ngamunye owayekhona wabona esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka ugesi bill for umndeni kuqhathaniswa high ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, esehlanganise ulwazi mayelana (a) ukusetshenziswa zomlando, (b) iziqhathaniso komakhelwane, futhi (c) ukusetshenziswa zomlando nge yokwenza ukuwohloka. Abahlanganyeli wabona zonke izinhlobo ngokufunda enye ezintathu takhiwo kubandakanya (a) amatafula, (b) bha grafu, kanye (c) icon amagrafu. We abike ngalokujulile ngemiphumela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, abathengi baqonda uhlobo lolwazi kagesi-ukusetshenziswa ngasinye kakhulu lapho linikezwa itafula, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi amatafula lula elula iphuzu ukufundwa. Okwesibili, izintandokazi izinhloso ukonga ugesi kwakungamadodana esinamandla kakhulu ukwaziswa okungokomlando ukusetshenziswa, ezimele yohlelo. Okwesithathu, abantu ephansi amandla ekukwati kufundza nekubhala Seliziqedisisile zonke ulwazi kancane. "

    Ngokungafani nezinye izifundo silandele-up, umphumela main isithakazelo Canfield, Bruin, and Wong-Parodi (2016) kubikwa ukuziphatha hhayi ukuziphatha langempela. Yiziphi izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu lolu hlobo yokufunda osebenza ohlelweni lokucwaninga ibanda ekukhuthazeni savings energy?

16. [ , ] Smith and Pell (2003) is a satirical meta-analysis of izifundo ubabonise ukuze iphumelele ngokwengeziwe parachutes. Bathi siphethe:

    "Njengoba nezindlela zokusiza abantu abaningi ukuthi inhloso yalokhu ukuvimbela impilo engeyinhle, ukuphumelela parachutes engakaze wayebeke nokuhlola okunzima ngokusebenzisa randomized izilingo elawulwa. Advocates izindlela zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ubufakazi abaye wagxeka isimo sobuntwana ukungenelela esikalini ngokusebenzisa idatha elibukelayo kuphela. Sicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu Ungazuza uma protagonists kakhulu impela nje iningi izindlela zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ubufakazi ihlelwe futhi iqhaza blind double, randomized, placebo elawulwa, crossover kwecala parachute. "

    Bhala op-ed efanelekayo zilimi iphephandaba jikelele, njenge-New York Times, bethi ngokumelene fetishization kobufakazi zokuhlola. Nikeza, izibonelo eziqondile ukhonkolo. Ukusikisela: Bheka futhi, Bothwell et al. (2016) kanye Deaton (2010)

17. [ , , ] Umehluko-in-umehluko estimators of nomphumela ukwelashwa kungaba elinembe ngaphezu kwamaningi umehluko-in-asho estimators. Bhala memo ukuba unjiniyela ophethe A / B sokuhlola isiqalo-up social media inkampani echaza ukubaluleka umehluko-in-umehluko ndlela egijima UCWANINGO online. I memo kufanele ihlanganise isitatimende inkinga, abanye umuzwa ngezimo umehluko-in-umehluko Estimator ngeke ziphumelela kangcono ngaphansi kwayo umehluko-in-asho Estimator, futhi sekulingisa isifundo elula.

18. [ , ] Gary Loveman kwaba onguprofesa eHarvard Business School ngaphambi kokuba CEO of Harrah, omunye yezinkampani ezinkulu kwekhasino emhlabeni. Lapho wathuthela Harrah sika, Loveman siguqulwe inkampani nge frequent flier-like Uhlelo ukwethembeka eqoqwe amanani omkhulu idatha mayelana nokuziphatha amakhasimende. On top of lokhu njalo-on nesilinganiso uhlelo, inkampani waqala wagijima ucwaningo. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase uqalisa ukuhlola ukuhlola umphumela isigqebhezana for free ehhotela ubusuku amakhasimende kanye nephethini othize yokugembula. Nakhu ukuthi Loveman wachaza ukubaluleka zokucwaninga ukuze libhizinisi kwansuku Harrah sika:

    "Kufana nawe musa ahlukumeze abesifazane, awazi ukweba cha, futhi ufanele abe iqembu control. Lena enye yezinto ukuthi ungalahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho at Harrah's-hhayi egijima iqembu control. " (Manzi 2012, 146)

    Bhala i-imeyili isisebenzi esisha echaza ukuthi kungani Loveman Ucabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kangaka ukuba iqembu control. Kufanele sizame zihlanganisa isibonelo kungaba real noma yakhiwa-ukuze aveze iphuzu lakho.

19. [ , ] A experiment entsha ihlose ukulinganisa umphumela kokuthola umyalezo wombhalo izikhumbuzo on yokugoma abatholako. imitholampilo 150, ngamunye ephethe 600 iziguli abafanelekile, abazimisele ukubamba iqhaza. Kukhona izindleko fixed zamaRandi angu-100 emtholampilo ngamunye ofuna ukusebenza, futhi kubiza 1 dollar for ngamunye umyalezo wombhalo ofuna ukuthumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi imitholampilo ukuthi ukusebenza ngeke ukukala umphumela (noma umuntu wathola lokugoma) for free. Lokucabanga ukuthi sibe nohlelo lokusebenzisa imali zamaRandi 1000.

    1. Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo kungase kube ngcono ukugxila izinsiza zakho on inombolo encane emitholampilo futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kungase kube ngcono ukuba bawendlala kabanzi?
    2. Yiziphi izici kwakuyoba ukucacisa kulencane usayizi umphumela ukuthi uzokwazi thembeke bona isabelomali sakho?
    3. Bhala memo echaza lezi ukudela okuthile ukuze ibe yilo elihamba phambili ekuxhaseni.

20. [ , ] Inkinga enkulu nge izifundo online kuyinto ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa; abafundi abaningi ukuthi uqale izifundo bagcina kwamacala-out. Ake sithi wena usebenza ngaso isiteji yokufunda online, futhi umklami at yesikhulumi uye wadala a visual inqubekelaphambili bar ukuthi ucabanga kuzosiza ukuvimbela abafundi kusukela isikole ukuza ezifundweni. Ufuna avivinye umphumela we bar inqubekela on abafundi yezamakhompyutha social science course ezinkulu. Ngemva ekhuluma iyiphi izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha ezingase zivele ekuhlolweni, wena kanye nozakwabo yakho uthole ayinandaba ukuthi inkambo angase angabi naso abafundi ngokwanele ukuba thembeke ukubona imiphumela bar inqubekela. In the izibalo ngezansi ungacabanga ukuthi isigamu sabantu abafundi bazothola ibha inqubekela kanye nengxenye hhayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungacabanga ukuthi akukho ukuphazamiseka. Ngamanye amazwi, ungacabanga ukuthi ababambiqhaza kuphela ehlaselwe ngabe bamukela indlela yokwelashwa noma abone control; kungukuthi okwenzeka noma abanye abantu base bethole ukwelashwa noma lokulawula (a definition loluhlelekile okwengeziwe, bheka Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 8). Sicela nizibhale iyiphi ekucabangeleni ezengeziwe ukuthi wenze.

    1. Ake sithi ibha inqubekela kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke inani labafundi abawuqedayo ekilasini by 1 Amaphesenti iphuzu, uyini ubukhulu isampula okudingekayo ukuze thembeke bona umphumela?
    2. Ake sithi ibha inqubekela kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke inani labafundi abawuqedayo ekilasini 10 ngemaphesenti, uyini ubukhulu isampula okudingekayo ukuze thembeke bona umphumela?
    3. Manje zicabange uyileso seniphelelwe ukuhlola kanye nabafundi asebeqedile zonke izinto course ususithathile ukuhlolwa kokugcina. Uma uqhathanisa ukwenza kwe yokugcina ukuhlolwa izikolo abafundi abathola ibha inqubekela leyo akazange, uthola, lukhulu ukumangala yakho, ukuthi abafundi ongazange uyamukele ibha inqubekela empeleni amaphuzu ephakeme. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ibha inqubekela yabangela abafundi ukuba bafunde kancane? Yini ongayifunda kulesi idatha umphumela? (Ukusikisela: Bheka Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch 7.)

21. [ , ] Ephepheni enhle, Lewis and Rao (2015) imbonisa ngokucacile sifanekise imincele eliyisisekelo kwezibalo zocwaningo ngisho omkhulu. Leli phephandaba-okuyinto ekuqaleni ayebizwa ngesiqu esithi inkanuko 'On Eseduze-akunakwenzeka Ukulinganisa Ubuyela Advertising "-shows kunzima kanjani ukukala ukubuya on ukutshalwa kwezimali ze-inthanethi, ngisho ngokuhlolwa digital ezihilela izigidi amakhasimende. Ezimweni ezivamile, leli phephandaba libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kunzima ukulinganisa umphumela elincane ukwelashwa phakathi idatha umphumela ezinomsindo. Noma washo diffently, leli phephandaba libonisa ukuthi ezigidini imiphumela yokwelapha ayobethemba ngezikhathi enkulu lapho umphumela-to-standard-ukuphambuka (\ (\ frac {\ delta \ bar {y}} {\ sigma} \)) ratio lincane. I isifundo jikelele abalulekile kule paper ukuthi imiphumela kusukela ekuhlolweni nge ezincane nomthelela-to-standard ukuphambuka isilinganiso (isib, RIO kwemikhankaso yesikhangiso) kuyoba nezinganelisi. Inselelo Your kuyoba ukuze ubhale memo umuntu Umnyango wezokumaketha inkampani yakho evaluting sokuhlolwa kuhlelwe ukukala RIO zomkhankaso ad. memo yakho kufanele lisekelwa ne emagrafu imiphumela computer sekusetshenziswa.

    Nakhu ulwazi oluthile ukuthi kungase kudingeke. Zonke lezi amanani ezinombolo ayisibonelo salezi ucwaningo real kwabikwa kuyi Lewis and Rao (2015) :

    • ROI, imethrikhi esiyisihluthulelo sokuba imikhankaso online, kuchazwa ukuba abe inzuzo inetha abavela emkhankasweni (inzalo enkulu evela emkhankasweni lokususa izindleko umkhankaso) zihlukaniswe izindleko lo mkhankaso. Ngokwesibonelo umkhankaso kwadingeka akunamthelela yokuthengisa kwakuyodingeka i-RIO ka -100% umkhankaso lapho inzuzo ekhiqizwa babelingana izindleko kwakuyodingeka i ROI 0.

    • yokuthengisa asho ikhasimende ngalinye $ 7 nge emgomeni of $ 75.

    • umkhankaso kulindeleke ukuba lenyuke yokuthengisa $ 0.35 ikhasimende ngalinye okuhambelana ekwandeni inzuzo ka $ 0,175 ikhasimende ngalinye. Ngamanye amazwi, ohlangothini okwedlulele 50%.

    • ubukhulu kuhlelwe ukuhlola abantu 200,000, isigamu eqenjini ukwelashwa kanye nengxenye eqenjini control.

    • izindleko mkhankaso $ 0.14 iqhaza ngalinye.

    Bhala memo evaluting lesi silingo. Ungakuncoma umkhankaso lesi silingo njengoba kuhlelwe? Uma kunjalo, kungani? Uma kungenjalo, yini izinguquko ungancoma?

    A memo omuhle sizowuphendula lo cala letsite; a memo engcono kuvame ngaleli cala ngandlela (isib, bonisa indlela izinguquko isinqumo njengoba umsebenzi umthelela-to-standard ukuphambuka ratio); futhi memo okukhulu uyodala Chile generalized ngokugcwele.

22. [ , ] Yenza okufanayo njengoba umbuzo odlule, kodwa kunokuba sekulingisa kufanele usebenzise imiphumela ahlaziye.

23. [ , , ] Yenza okufanayo njengoba umbuzo odlule, kodwa sebenzisa kokubili sekulingisa kanye nemiphumela ahlaziye.

24. [ , , ] Ake sithi usubhale lesi memo ezichazwe ngenhla usebenzisa noma ukumbumbuluzwa, imiphumela ahlaziye, noma kokubili-futhi othile evela emnyangweni marketing uncoma ukusebenzisa umehluko-in-umehluko Estimator kunokuba umehluko izindlela Estimator (bheka Isigaba 4.6.2) . Bhala memo entsha elifushane echaza indlela a 0.4 ukuhlanganisa emkhatsini yokuthengisa phambi UCWANINGO yokuthengisa emva ukuhlola kuzoshintsha isiphetho sakho.

25. [ , ] Ukuze nokuhlola ukusebenza isevisi entsha web-based umsebenzi, ihhovisi career nyuvesi olwenziwe control kwecala randomized kubafundi 10,000 bengena unyaka wokugcina esikoleni. A subscription khulula ngolwazi log-unique lathunyelwa isimemo okukhethekile imeyili ku 5,000 abafundi ngezikhathi ezikhethiwe, ngenkathi abanye abafundi 5,000 ecenjini control and akudingeki ukubhalisa. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili, inhlolo-vo eyenziwa zokulandelisa (kungabikho non-impendulo) ikhombisa ukuthi zombili ukwelashwa kanye nokulawula amaqembu, 70% of abafundi Uvikele umsebenzi wokuziphilisa wesikhathi esigcwele ensimini abazikhethele (Table 4.5). Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi inkonzo web-based yayingakuthinti.

    Nokho, umuntu ohlakaniphile idatha usosayensi eyunivesithi wambuka idatha kancane eduze kakhudlwana futhi yathola ukuthi 20% kuphela wabafundi eqenjini ukwelashwa owake ungene ku-akhawunti emva kokuthola imeyili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ngandlela-thile ngokumangalisayo, phakathi kwalabo ungene kwi website 60% nje kuphela ukuthi esethole umsebenzi wokuziphilisa wesikhathi esigcwele ensimini abayikhethile, owawungumnyaka singaphansi kwesilinganiso for abantu abazange ngemvume bese singaphansi kwesilinganiso abantu isimo control (Table 4.6).

    1. Nikeza incazelo ukuthi yini eyayingase yenzeke.
    2. Yiziphi izindlela ezimbili ezahlukene ukubala umphumela ukwelashwa kule experiment kukhona?
    3. Njengoba sazi lokhu yalokho, kufanele inkonzo nyuvesi career sinikeze ngale sevisi web-based career kubo bonke abafundi? Vele sicacise, lokhu akusona umbuzo impendulo elula.
    4. Yini okufanele bayenze esilandelayo?

    Ukusikisela: Lo mbuzo kungaphezu impahla ehlanganiswa kulesi sahluko, kodwa uzibhekisa izinkinga ezivame ucwaningo. Lolu hlobo design yokulinga ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-design isikhuthazo ngoba ababambiqhaza bayakhuthazwa ukuba bangalibali ukwelashwa. Le nkinga uyisibonelo salokho ibizwa ngokuthi eyodwa emaceleni non-ukuhambisana (bheka Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 5)

26. [ ] Ngemuva ukusihlola, kuvela ukuthi ukuhlola ezichazwe kule mbuzo odlule wawunzima nakakhulu. It kuvela ukuthi 10% wabantu eqenjini control ikhokhelwe ukufinyelela inkonzo, futhi bagcina nge rate ukuqashwa 65% (Table 4.7).

    1. Bhala i-imeyili kufinyeta lokho ocabanga ukuthi kwenzekani futhi batusa inkambo.

    Ukusikisela: Lo mbuzo kungaphezu impahla ehlanganiswa kulesi sahluko, kodwa uzibhekisa izinkinga ezivame ucwaningo. Le nkinga uyisibonelo salokho ubizwa ngokuthi amabili emaceleni non-ukuhambisana (bheka Gerber and Green (2012) , Ch. 6)