4.4.2 Heterogeneity yemiphumela yokwelashwa

Kuvamise Izilingo ulinganise umphumela isilinganiso, kodwa umphumela ungaba ehlukene kubantu ezahlukene.

Owesibili iphuzu eliyinhloko for ezihamba ngaphesheya kwenziwa ucwaningo elula heterogeneity yemiphumela yokwelashwa. Ucwaningo of Schultz et al. (2007) , siveta enamandla kanjani ukwelashwa okufanayo kungaba nemiphumela ehlukene ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zabantu (Figure 4.4), kodwa lokhu analysis of heterogeneity empeleni esingavamile ngempela ngoba UCWANINGO analog yobudala. Iningi analog ubudala nemaresiphi ezihilela inamba encane ababambiqhaza ukuthi ziphathwa ngokuthi "amawijethi" nezilandiso ezingakhiwe ngenxa yokuthi kuncane ngabo lufakwe-ukwelashwa ezaziwayo. Nokho, ucwaningo digital, lezi izingqinamba idatha bungavami ngoba abacwaningi bavame ukuba abanye abahlanganyeli kanye ukwazi okwengeziwe ngabo. Kulesi idatha imvelo ehlukene, singakwazi balinganisela heterogeneity nemiphumela yokwelashwa ukuze anikeze izinkomba mayelana nendlela ekwelapheni isebenza, it kungenziwa ngcono kanjani, nokuthi lingabasiza kanjani ukuba okubhekiswe kulabo ikakhulu kungenzeki ukuba bazuze.

Izibonelo ezimbili heterogeneity nemiphumela yokwelashwa esimeningcondvo izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nokusebenzisa amandla zivela ucwaningo olwengeziwe on Ekhaya Imibiko Energy. Okokuqala, Allcott (2011) asetshenziswa ubukhulu isampula esikhulu (amakhaya 600,000) ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuqhekeza isampula balinganisela umphumela Home Energy Umbiko we by decile pre-ukwelashwa energy ukusetshenziswa. Nakuba Schultz et al. (2007) ezitholakala umehluko phakathi kwabasebenzisi ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza, Allcott (2011) yathola ukuthi kwakukhona futhi umehluko ngaphakathi eqenjini umsebenzisi ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, abasebenzisi olusindayo (labo abasembonini decile phezulu) kwanciphisa amandla abo yokusetshenziswa kabili njengoba umuntu maphakathi esindayo group umsebenzisi (Figure 4.7). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangwa umphumela ngokuziphatha pre-ukwelashwa uphinde waveza ukuthi kwakungekho nomphumela boomerang ngisho abasebenzisi elula (Figure 4.7).

Figure 4.7: Heterogeneity imiphumela ukwelashwa Allcott (2011) . Ukwehla ukusetshenziswa energy wayehlukile ngoba abantu deciles ezahlukene ukusetshenziswa lolusisekelo.

Ocwaningweni ahlobene, Costa and Kahn (2013) , wasikisela ukuthi ukuphumelela lo Home Energy uMbiko ayengase ngokuya imibono umhlanganyeli zezombusazwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kungase empeleni ngibangele abantu imibono ziyokhula nakanjani ukusetshenziswa kukagesi yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, benza babecabanga ukuthi Home Imibiko Energy engase kwakheka umphumela boomerang ezinye izinhlobo zabantu. Ukuze ukuhlola lokhu kungenzeka, Costa futhi Kahn wahlanganisa idatha Opower ngedatha olithenge aggregator third-party okwakuhlanganisa lwazi ezifana nokubhaliswa leqembu lezombusazwe, iminikelo izinhlangano imvelo, nendlu iqhaza ku renewable energy izinhlelo. Nalokhu kudathasethi ehlanganisiwe, Costa futhi Kahn yathola ukuthi Home Imibiko Energy kukhiqizwa imiphumela ngobubanzi efanayo abahlanganyeli imibono ehlukene; babungekho ubufakazi bokuthi kuneqembu embukisweni imiphumela boomerang (Figure 4.8).

Figure 4.8: Heterogeneity imiphumela ukwelashwa Costa and Kahn (2013) . Isilinganiso ukwelashwa ukusebenza lonke sampuli -2,1% [-1,5%, -2,7%]. Ngokuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okuvela linga ngamasu ahlukahlukene ngenhloso ulwazi mayelana amakhaya, Costa and Kahn (2013) wasebenzisa uchungechunge imifanekiso yezibalo ukulinganisa umphumela ukwelashwa ngoba amaqembu athile kakhulu abantu. Tilinganiso amabili ethulwa iqembu ngalinye ngoba nezilinganiso kuxhomeke covariates balifaka e models yabo yezibalo (bheka isibonelo 4 futhi oyisibonelo 6 e Table 3 futhi Table 4 Costa and Kahn (2013) ). Njengoba lesi sibonelo sibonisa, imiphumela zokwelapha kungase kube into ezahlukene kubantu abehlukene kanye nezilinganiso nemiphumela yokwelashwa ukuthi bavela onobuhle ezibalo bathembele imininingwane yalezo onobuhle (Grimmer, Messing, and Westwood 2014) .

Njengoba lezi zibonelo ezimbili zibonisa, in the age digital, singakwazi ukuqhubekela kusukela kulinganiswa avareji imiphumela ukwelashwa Ukulinganisa heterogeneity nemiphumela yokwelashwa ngoba singaba naso abahlanganyeli abaningi abengeziwe futhi siyazi kabanzi mayelana nalabo abahlanganyeli. Sathi singezwa ngokungathathi heterogeneity nemiphumela yokwelashwa Unganika amandla ezibhekiswe a ukwelashwa lapho kuyaphumelela kakhulu, umnikeza amaphuzu ukufukula intuthuko entsha theory, futhi ahlinzeke Amacebo mayelana mshini kungenzeka, isihloko ukuze ngalo Manje sengibuyela.