Isandulela
Kimina, le ncwadi yaqala ngo-2005, lapho ngisebenza on ocwaningeni lami. Ngishiywa UCWANINGO online, okuyinto ngizokutshela konke mayelana eSahlukweni 4, kodwa manje Ngizofika ukuba akutshele okuthile okungekho iyiphi iphepha academic. Futhi, kungcono into ngokuyisisekelo kwashintsha indlela ngicabanga mayelana nocwaningo. Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, lapho Ngahlola web-server, ngathola ukuthi ngobusuku obubodwa nje mayelana 100 abantu abavela eBrazil wabamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwami. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho yaba negalelo elikhulu phezu kwami. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngaba nabangane ababengithanda Nanigijima bendabuko lab kwenziwa ucwaningo, futhi ngangazi ukuthi babekhuthele kanjani kanzima ukuze basebenze ukuze athole, ukuqondisa, futhi akhokhe abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ucwaningo zabo; uma ikwazi abantu abangu-10 ngosuku olulodwa, ukuthi kwaba intuthuko enhle. Kodwa, nesimo sami online, abantu 100 bahlanganyela ngesikhathi ngilele. Ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho ngenkathi belele kungazwakala kukuhle kakhulu ukuba kungaba yiqiniso, kodwa akunjalo. Izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe-ikakhulukazi soguquko kusukela kwaneminyaka analog kuya digital yobudala-zisho ukuthi singakwazi manje siqoqe futhi sihlaziye idatha social ngezindlela ezintsha. Le ncwadi imayelana ukwenza ucwaningo social ngalezi zindlela ezintsha.
Le ncwadi yenzelwe imiphakathi emibili ehlukene. Kungenxa ososayensi bezenhlalo ukuthi ufuna ukwenza okwengeziwe isayensi idatha, futhi sisasebenza idatha ososayensi bafuna ukuba benze i-social science okwengeziwe. Ngichitha isikhathi womabili la imiphakathi, futhi le ncwadi Emzamweni wami ukuletha imibono yabo ndawonye ngendlela ukuthi ugwema nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye ijagoni lokuthi kuyoke kulunge. Njengoba sazi imiphakathi ukuthi le ncwadi yenzelwe, kufanele uhambe ngaphandle bethi le ncwadi nje abafundi kanye noprofesa. Ngiye ngasebenza abanye abakuhulumeni (at the US Census Bureau) kanye kule mboni tech (at Microsoft Research), futhi ngiyazi ukuthi kukhona inkatho ucwaningo okuthakazelisayo kwenzekani ngaphandle emanyuvesi. Ngakho, uma ucabanga ukuthi wenzani njengoba ucwaningo social, ke le ncwadi ngawe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena usebenze noma hlobo luni amasu ozisebenzisayo njengamanje.
Singabantu namanje ezinsukwini zakuqala yocwaningo yezenhlalakahle yobudala digital, futhi ngiye ngabona abantu abangafuni ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi kukhona okubalulekile kangaka futhi ezivamile kangangokuthi kwenza umqondo kakhulu kimi ukubhekana nabo lapha, esethulweni. Kusukela ososayensi idatha, Sengike ngakubona ezibangelwa ukungaqondani ezimbili ezivamile. Esokuqala abacabanga ukuthi idatha ngaphezulu ukuzixazulula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkinga. Kodwa, ucwaningo social akubanga isipiliyoni sami. Empeleni, ucwaningo social izinhlobo ezintsha idatha, ubone ngaphezulu idatha esifanayo, kubonakala sengathi usizo kakhulu. Le nkiyankiya yesibili ukuthi ngiye ngabona abantu abangafuni kusukela ososayensi idatha abacabanga ukuthi i-social science kuyinto nje isigejane fancy-inkulumo laqina ingqondo. Yiqiniso, njengoba social usosayensi-ikakhulukazi njengoba isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, angithandi uyavumelana nala; Ngicabanga ukuthi i-social science has a lot of ukunikela. Abantu abakhaliphile baye silwela ukukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabantu isikhathi eside, futhi kubonakala kuwubuwula ukungazinaki ukuhlakanipha esiye zanqwabelana kusukela kulo mzamo. Isifiso sami siwukuthi kule ncwadi ziyokusiza ukukunikeza ezinye ukuthi ukuhlakanipha ngendlela okulula ukuyiqonda.
Kusukela ososayensi bezenhlalo, ngiye kuyabonakala ezibangelwa ukungaqondani ezimbili ezivamile. Okokuqala, Sengike ngakubona abanye abantu bhala-off lonke umqondo yocwaningo social besebenzisa amathuluzi yobudala digital esekelwe a amaphepha ambalwa embi. Uma ufunda le ncwadi, une mhlawumbe kakade ufunde kweqembu amaphepha osebenzisa idatha media social ngendlela banal noma okungalungile (noma kokubili). Nginomsebenzi Omningi. Nokho, bekuyoba iphutha elikhulu ukuphetha kulezi zibonelo ukuthi bonke ucwaningo social yobudala digital kubi. Empeleni, mhlawumbe uke futhi ufunde kweqembu amaphepha ezisebenzisa idatha inhlolovo ngezindlela banal noma okungalungile, kodwa wena ungabhali-off bonke ucwaningo besebenzisa survey. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi wazi ukuthi kukhona ucwaningo enkulu kwenziwe nge idatha inhlolovo, futhi kule ncwadi, Ngizofika ukukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ucwaningo enkulu kwenziwe ngamathuluzi kwezwe digital.
Owesibili ukungaqondi kahle kuvamile ukuthi ngiye ngabona abantu abangafuni kusukela ososayensi bezenhlalo iwukuba ukudida samanje ikusasa. Uma sihlola ucwaningo emphakathini yobudala-digital nocwaningo Ngizofika ukuchaza kule ncwadi-ke kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo emibili Ukuhlukaniswa:
- kahle kanjani lesi sitayela umsebenzi ucwaningo manje?
- kahle kanjani le isitayela umsebenzi ucwaningo esikhathini esizayo njengoba izinguquko idatha landscape and njengoba abacwaningi achithe isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza lezi zinkinga?
Nakuba abacwaningi ziqeqeshelwa ukuphendula umbuzo wokuqala, le ncwadi, ngicabanga umbuzo wesibili kubaluleke kakhulu. Okungukuthi, nakuba ucwaningo emphakathini yobudala digital ongakabi kukhiqizwa massive, Paradigm ezishintshashintshayo iminikelo intellectual, izinga ngcono yocwaningo yobudala digital Liyindawo ngokushesha. Yile rate of shintsho, ezingaphezu kuka ezingeni lamanje, elenza age digital ucwaningo okuthakazelisayo kangaka kimi.
Nakuba ukuthi indima yokugcina obonakala uzokubonisa nengcebo abangahle esikhathini esithile esingashiwongo esikhathini esizayo, umgomo wami kule ncwadi akuyona ukuba uthengise kunoma iyiphi uhlobo oluthile ucwaningo. I do not mathupha amasheya e Twitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple noma kunoma iyiphi enye inkampani tech (nakuba, ngenxa yokuhlakanipha ukukudalula ngokuphelele, ngiye ngasebenza noma yemukela inkece labacwaningi basemayunivesithi Microsoft, i-Google, kanye Facebook). Uma niyajabula ucwaningo eniwenzayo kakade: olukhulu, qhubekani nenza lokho abakwenzayo. Kodwa, uma sinomuzwa wokuthi yobudala digital kusho ukuthi izinto ezintsha futhi ezihlukile kungenzeka, khona-ke ngizothanda ukuba ngikubonise lezo amathuba. Ngakho, kuyo yonke le ncwadi umgomo wami uhlale a umlandzi enesithunzi, ngikutshela mayelana zonke okuthakazelisayo izinto ezintsha ukuthi kungenzeka, kuyilapho guiding you kude izingibe ambalwa ukuthi ngiye ngabona abantu abangafuni abanye abawela. Ngiyathemba ukuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ucwaningo lwakho futhi lukusize ukwazi ukuhlola kangcono ucwaningo yabanye.
Njengoba ungase uye waphawula kakade, nephimbo le ncwadi kancane ezahlukene ezivela amanye amabhuku academic. Yilokho sangamabomu. Le ncwadi bephuma emhlanganweni graduate ukuthi nginifundisile ePrinceton in the Department of Sociology, futhi ngingathanda le ncwadi wasithatha ezinye zezinto energy futhi injabulo kusukela ngalolo kulomhlangano. Ikakhulu, ngifuna le ncwadi ukuba izici ezintathu: eziwusizo, inethemba lokuhle, futhi ikusasa ngamakhasimende.
Eziwusizo: Umgomo wami uwukuba ukubhala incwadi ukuthi kuwusizo kuwe. Ngakho, Ngizofika ukubhala ngendlela evulekile kanye informal. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngifuna adlulisele kuyindlela ethile yokucabanga mayelana nocwaningo kwezenhlalo. Futhi, isipiliyoni sami ekufundiseni kusikisela ukuthi indlela engcono adlulisele ngale ndlela yokucabanga kuba ngokwethukela nangokubonisa abantu kunothile izibonelo.
Nethemba Lokuhle: ososayensi Imiphakathi ezimbili ukuthi le ncwadi obandakanya-social kanye nedatha ososayensi-neendlela ezingafaniko kakhulu. ososayensi Data ngokuvamile ube nexhala; bavame ukubona ingilazi kwakutholakala isigamu egcwele. Izazi zokuhlalisana kwabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile ubaluleke kakhulu; bavame ukubona ingilazi njengoba uhhafu ezingenalutho. Kule ncwadi, Ngiya ukwamukela ithoni sokulindela okuhle usosayensi idatha, nakuba ukuqeqeshwa kwami njengoba usosayensi social. Ngakho, lapho mina ukwethula izibonelo, Ngizofika ukukutshela lokho Ngiyakuthanda mayelana nalezi zibonelo. Futhi, lapho ngenza aveze umraro izibonelo-mina uyokwenza lokhu ngoba akukho ucwaningo ophelele-I'm siya ukuzama aveze lezi zinkinga ngendlela uhilela izenzo abantu abakhuthele futhi abanethemba. Angiyi ukugxeka ngenxa ukugxeka. Ngizofika sigxeke ukuze ngikwazi ukukusiza ukudala ucwaningo sihle.
Future-ngamakhasimende: Ngithemba ukuthi le ncwadi izokusiza wena wenze ucwaningo social besebenzisa izinhlelo digital ezikhona namuhla futhi izinhlelo digital ukuthi izokwakhiwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngaqala ukwenza lolu hlobo of ucwaningo ngo-2003, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngiye ngabona abantu abangafuni izinguquko eziningi. Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi lapho ngineminyaka iziqu abantu esikoleni babejabule kakhulu mayelana nokusebenzisa MySpac ucwaningo social. Futhi, lapho ngamfundisa ekilasini lokuqala kulokho mina iqamba "ucwaningo web-based social," abantu babejabule kakhulu mayelana yasemoyeni ezifana SecondLife. Ngineqiniso ukuthi esikhathini esizayo okuningi ngalokho abantu bakhulume namuhla abonakale silly kanye zaphelelwa isikhathi. The trick ukuhlala efanele lapho sibhekene lolu shintsho ngokushesha kuyinto Abstraction. Ngakho, lokhu ngeke kube incwadi ukuthi likufundisa awakhe kanjani ukusebenzisa Twitter API; kunalokho, kuzoba incwadi ukuthi likufundisa indlela nifunde iminonjana digital (Isahluko 2). Lokhu ngeke kube ncwadi enikeza wena step-by-step imiyalelo for egijima ukulinga Amazon Mechanical Turk; kunalokho, it uya ukufundisa indlela ukuklama futhi ahumushe ukuhlolwa ancike digital yobudala ingqalasizinda (Isahluko 4). Ngokusebenzisa Abstraction, ngithemba lokhu kuyoba incwadi ezingaphelelwa isikhathi lephatselene nesihloko esifike ngesikhathi.
Ngicabanga lena yisikhathi esithokozisayo kunabo bonke owake kube umcwaningi social, futhi Ngiya ukuzama ekudluliseleni lelo injabulo ngendlela elinembe. Okungukuthi, kuba isikhathi ukudlulela ngale izinto nje ezingacacile mayelana omlingo idatha entsha. Sekuyisikhathi uthole ethize.
