2.4.1.1 Taxis eNew York City

Umcwaningi esetshenziswa idatha big kusuka ngamamitha taxi ukutadisha ekuthathweni abashayeli bamatekisi eNew York. Lezi idatha awunankinga yokwenze njalo ucwaningo.

Esinye isibonelo samandla elula ngokubala into efanele livela Henry Farber sika (2015) Ukutadisha ukuziphatha New York City abashayeli bamatekisi. Nakuba leli qembu kungase akuzwakali abazalwa ezithakazelisayo kuba lwamasu ucwaningo site for testing eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma amabili ukuncintisana emshikashikeni ezomnotho. Ngezinhloso yocwaningo Farber sika, zikhona izici ezimbili ezibalulekile mayelana nomsebenzi imvelo abashayeli bamatekisi: 1) ngodaba lwamaholo abo ngehora liyashintshashintsha kusuka osukwini-to-day, esekelwe ngokwengxenye ezicini ifana nesimo sezulu kanye 2) inani lama-iri basebenza lingashintsha usuku ngalunye esekelwe izinqumo somshayeli. Lezi zici ekubeni Umbuzo othakazelisayo ngobuhlobo inkokhelo ngehora kanye namahora wasebenza. amamodeli Neoclassical kwezomnotho babikezela ukuthi abashayeli bamatekisi uzosebenza okwengeziwe ngezinsuku lapho babe ephakeme inkokhelo ngehora. Kungenjalo, onobuhle kusukela ezomnotho zokuziphatha ukubikezela ncamashi okuphambene. Uma abashayeli usethe engenayo ethile target-ngithi $ 100 ngosuku-futhi umsebenzi kwaze kwaba yilolo ilitshe wahlangana, khona-ke abashayeli uyogcina ukusebenza amahora ambalwa ngezinsuku basuke abahola ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ubungumfazi Umholi target, ungase bagcina ukusebenza 4 amahora ngosuku oluhle ($ 25 ngehora) no 5 amahora ngosuku olubi ($ 20 ngehora). Ngakho, ingabe abashayeli ukusebenza amahora angaphezu on izinsuku ephakeme inkokhelo ngehora (njengoba nje kwakubikezelwe by the models neoclassical) noma amahora okwengeziwe mayelana izinsuku ephansi inkokhelo ngehora (njengoba nje kwakubikezelwe onobuhle kwezomnotho yokuziphatha)?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo Farber etholakala idatha ku zonke uhambo itekisi taken by New York City CAB kusuka 2009 - 2013, idatha ukuthi manje kutholakale esidlangalaleni . Le datha-okwakuqabukela kwenzeka eqoqwe by amamitha electronic ukuthi umuzi kudinga amatekisi ukusebenzisa kuhlanganisa izingcezu eziningana kolwazi uhambo ngalunye: isikhathi sokuqala, qala indawo, isikhathi sokuphela, ekupheleni indawo, yokugibela, futhi tip (uma ichopho yakhokhwa nge ikhadi lesikweletu). Sekukonke, idatha Farber sika wawuqukethe on cishe abayizigidi ezingu-900 ngesikhathi nohambo lwabanye abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-40 amashifu (a shift icishe umsebenzi wosuku olulodwa umshayeli). Eqinisweni, kwakukhona idatha kangaka, ukuthi Farber kuphela esetshenziswa isampula okungahleliwe kwalo analysis yakhe. Ukusebenzisa le taxi idatha imitha, Farber wathola ukuthi abashayeli iningi basebenze amahora engeziwe ngezinsuku lapho inkokhelo ziphakeme, ehambisana theory neoclassical. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okwatholakala main, Farber wakwazi ukuba asizakale ubukhulu idatha ukuliqonda kangcono heterogeneity kanye namandla okubakhona. Farber yathola ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane abashayeli newer sifunde ukusebenza amahora angaphezu on izinsuku ukwenyuselwa amaholo okusezingeni (isib, bafunda ukuba siziphathe njengabancane onobuhle neoclassical ubikezela). Futhi, abashayeli abeza behave more like target labaholako, maningi amathuba okuba yekani umshayeli wetekisi. Zombili lezi okutholakele olucashile, esiza ukuchaza ukuziphatha baphawula abashayeli zamanje, kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa ubukhulu kwedathasethi. They kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bona ezifundweni ngaphambili ukuthi wasebenzisa iphepha uhambo amaphepha kusukela inamba encane abashayeli bamatekisi engaphezu isikhathi esifushane (isib, Camerer et al. (1997) ).

isifundo Farber kwakungu eduze best-icala isifundo ngokusebenzisa idatha big. Okokuqala, idatha kwakungewona non-omele ngoba umuzi edingekayo ukuba abashayeli basebenzise amamitha digital. Futhi, idatha kwakungewona esingaphelele ngenxa yokuthi idatha eziqoqwe umuzi wawuyigolide sekusondele ukuba idatha ngabe Farber eqoqwe uma ayenakho choice (owodwa umehluko wukuthi Farber kuzodingeka idatha ubefunwa ngamaphoyisa Imininingwane inkokhelo-fares plus tips- kodwa idatha muzi kuphela kwakuhlanganisa amathiphu esakhokhwa credit card). Isihluthulelo ucwaningo Farber, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni ahlanganiswe umbuzo obuhle idatha okuhle. Idatha wedwa akwanele.