2.4.1.3 Imingcele of social media nguhulumeni Chinese

Abacwaningi esusa Chinese media social sites ukutadisha imingcele. They asebenzelana ngayo incompleteness ne esicashile-mfanelo nikhuluma.

Ngaphezu idatha big asetshenziswe izibonelo ezimbili eyedlule, abacwaningi Ingase futhi iqoqe idatha zabo siqu elibukelayo, njengoba kwaba ngokumangalisayo efanekiselwa Gary iNkosi, uJennifer Pan, Molly Roberts ' (2013) ucwaningo kwi ukucwaninga nguhulumeni waseChina.

Social media izikhala eChina zazihlolwa by omkhulu isimo apharathasi okucatshangwa ukuthi zihlanganisa amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Nokho, Abacwaningi kanye nezakhamizi, babe nengqondo indlela lezi censors banqume ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe okufanele asuswe kusukela social media. Izazi China empeleni banezinto ephikisanayo ngokuthi iziphi izinhlobo okuthunyelwe cishe zisuswa. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi censors sigxile izikhala abagxeka isimo kuyilapho abanye becabanga zigxila izikhala ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha collective, ezifana kulandela imibhikisho ebihambisana nodlame. Ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi yalezi okulindelwe ilungile kunomthelela kanjani abacwaningi ukuqonda China nezinye ohulumeni kobushiqela ezikhulekela ngendlela imingcele. Ngakho, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo wayefuna ukuqhathanisa izikhala yashicilelwa futhi kamuva kusulwe izikhala yashicilelwa futhi ungalokothi ususiwe.

Ukuqoqa lezi zikhala abathintekayo amazing wobunjiniyela of kukhasa ezingaphezu kuka-1000 Chinese media social amawebhusayithi-ngamunye ezahlukene kwamakhasi-ekutholeni izikhala ezifanele, bese siphindelela lezi zikhala ukubona eyayibonakala kamuva isusiwe. Ngaphezu izinkinga ubunjiniyela evamile ezihlobene ne ngezinga elikhulu web-ukucaca, le phrojekthi wabhekana nenselele wanezela ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuba kube ngokwedlulele fast ngoba izikhala eziningi zazihlolwa zithathwa phansi emahora langaphasi kulangu-24. Ngamanye amazwi, a abakhasi slow owayezolahlekelwa inkatho izikhala zazihlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo crawlers kwadingeka ukuba ngenze konke lokhu iqoqo lemininingwane ngesikhathi ngibalekela sokuzwa funa kumawebhusayithi ezezindaba ephathelene nabantu ukuvimbela noma ngenye beye bashintsha izimiso zabo eziphendula cwaningo.

Uma lokhu engineering msebenzi omkhulu yaqedwa, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo wathola abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-11 posts ngezihloko 85 ehlukene okwakusemhlabathini pre-esibekiwe ngokusekelwe ezingeni yabo elindelekile ubukhali. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko sensitivity high Ayi Weiwei, umdwebi Umuntu ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni; isihloko sensitivity emaphakathi ukwazisa futhi ukwehla kwamandla Chinese, futhi isihloko sensitivity low iyona Cup World. Kulawa izikhala 11 million 2 million ayekade zazihlolwa, kodwa izikhala ezibucayi kakhulu zazihlolwa kuphela kancane kaningi kunakuqala izikhala on maphakathi no low sensitivity izihloko. Ngamanye amazwi, censors Chinese ziphathelene cishe umlisa owayebheka izincwadi eposini ukuthi ukhuluma Ai Weiwei njengoba iposi ukuthi ukhuluma Cup World. Le miphumela alufananga umqondo lolumalula ukuthi uhulumeni censors zonke izikhala ezibucayi.

Lokhu kubalwa okulula ukucwaninga izici izinga ngesihloko kungaba edukisayo, Nokho. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni angase ifihla izikhala abasekela Ai Weiwei, kodwa ushiye izikhala simdlinzekela. Ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi okuthunyelwe ngokucophelela, abacwaningi kudingeka ukukala umuzwa post ngamunye. Ngakho, enye indlela ukucabanga ngakho wukuthi inhliziyo post ngalinye an isici esibalulekile esicashile post ngamunye. Ngeshwa, naphezu usemningi umsebenzi, izindlela kuyazenzakela womaya sokuzwa usebenzisa izichazamazwi nga pre-existing abakakholiseki okuhle kakhulu ezimweni eziningi (khumbula izinkinga ngokudala i umugqa wesikhathi ngokomzwelo ka-September 11, 2001 kuSigaba 2.3.2.6). Ngakho, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo babedinga indlela kulebula yabo yezenhlalo izikhala 11 million abezindaba ukuthi zinjalo yini kade 1) critical state, 2) awusekele isimo, noma 3) imibiko ayimsizi umuntu eqotho neyiqiniso elingenakuphikwa ngezenzakalo. Lokhu kuzwakala sengathi umsebenzi omkhulu, kodwa siyixazululile usebenzisa iqhinga enamandla; lowo kuvamile isayensi idatha kodwa okwamanje abavamile e-social science.

Okokuqala, kancane kancane ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi pre-processing, abacwaningi bashintsha leli izikhala abezindaba social ibe matrix umculu-term, lapho kwakukhona khona umugqa owodwa idokhumenti ngayinye kanye nalowo ikholomu aqoshiwe noma iposi linegama ethize (isib, umbhikisho, traffic, njll). Okulandelayo, iqembu labasizi ucwaningo ngesandla-abhalwe umuzwa isampula post. Khona-ke, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo wasebenzisa le datha ngesandla-abhalwe ukulinganisa a umshini imodeli yokufunda ezingaholela cabangela umuzwa iposi kusekelwe emigomweni yayo. Ekugcineni, basebenzisa lokhu umshini oyisibonelo yokufunda ukulinganisa inhliziyo kwazo zonke izikhala zomsebenzi million 11. Ngakho, kunokuba ngesandla kokufunda kanye kophawu 11 million izikhala (okungaba logistically engenakwenzeka), they ngesandla ukubizwa inamba encane izikhala bese asetshenziswa iyiphi idatha ososayensi ayeliqamba umphefumulo yokufunda egadiwe ukulinganisa imikhakha zonke izikhala. Emva kokuqeda lokhu analysis, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo sakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi, ngandlela-thile ngokumangalisayo, ematfuba post liyasuswa kwaba ezingahlobene ngabe kwaba critical state noma sisekele isimo.

Figure 2.3: kwendikimba Lula inqubo esetshenziswa e King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) kuya kulinganiswa umuzwa million 11 Chinese kwimidiya yomphakathi. Okokuqala, kancane kancane ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi pre-processing, abacwaningi bashintsha leli social izikhala abezindaba ibe matrix idokhumenti-term (bheka Grimmer and Stewart (2013) ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa). Okwesibili, abacwaningi isandla-code umuzwa isampula elincane izikhala. Okwesithathu, abacwaningi waqeqesha model yokufunda wokugada ukuze uhlukanise umuzwa izikhala. Okwesine, abacwaningi wasebenzisa igama ogadiwe model yokufunda ukulinganisa umuzwa zonke izikhala. Bheka King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) , Isithasiselo B incazelo eningiliziwe.

Ekugcineni, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo bathola ukuthi abantu abathathu kuphela izinhlobo okuythunyelwe njalo zazihlolwa: izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukugxekwa censors, futhi lezo kwadingeka collective senzo abangahle (ie, kungenzeka okuholela nemibhikisho emikhulu). Ngokubona lenqwaba okuthunyelwe asusiwe futhi izikhala azizange zisuswe, iNkosi kanye nozakwabo sakwazi ukuba bafunde indlela censors ukusebenza nje ngokubheka nokubala. Ocwaningweni ezalandela, empeleni ngqo wangenela singene Chinese yesimiso semvelo social media ngokwakha izikhala ngokuqukethwe ehlelekile ezahlukene kanye yokulinganisa lapho athole zazihlolwa (King, Pan, and Roberts 2014) . Sizofunda okwengeziwe mayelana lusondela yokulinga eSahlukweni 4 Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikhanyisamcondvo isihloko kuyokwenzeka kuyo yonke incwadi, lezi zinkinga-okuyinto esicashile-sibaluli nikhuluma ngezinye izikhathi ingase ixazululwe nge egadiwe yokufunda abe eyejwayelekile ucwaningo emphakathini age digital. Uzobona izithombe ezifanayo kakhulu Umfanekiso 2.3 eZahlukweni 3 (Ukubuza imibuzo) kanye 5 (Ukudala ukubambisana mass); kuba omunye imibono ambalwa esitholakala izahluko eziningi.

Bobathathu kulezi zibonelo-ukuziphatha ukusebenza abashayeli bamatekisi eNew York, ubungane ukwakheka abafundi, kanye nabezindaba ukucwaninga izici nokuziphatha emphakathini we Chinese uhulumeni show nekutsi kubala kahle lilula kwemininingwane elibukelayo Unganika amandla abacwaningi ukuba avivinye izibikezelo theory. Kwezinye izimo, idatha big kwenza ukuba wenze lokhu counting kuqhathaniswa ngqo (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-New York Amatekisi). Kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi kuyodingeka ukuqoqa idatha zabo siqu elibukelayo (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka ukucwaninga izici Chinese); ukubhekana incompleteness by ukuhlanganisa idatha ndawonye (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka inethiwekhi kwemvelo); noma ukwenza eminye uhlobo esicashile-imfanelo nikhuluma (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka ukucwaninga izici Chinese). Njengoba ngithemba lezi zibonelo zibonisa, ngoba abacwaningi abakwaziyo ukubuza imibuzo ethakazelisayo, big kunesithembiso okukhulu.