2.4.3 nemaresiphi Approximating

Singasho zazikuphi ukuhlolwa asikwazi ukukwenza. Tindlelanchubo Two ukuthi ikakhulu bazuze yobudala digital afana kanye ucwaningo zemvelo.

Imibuzo eminingi ebalulekile yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni yenqubomgomo esiyimbangela. Ake sicabangele Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo olandelayo: uyini umphumela uhlelo umsebenzi ukuqeqeshwa amaholo? Enye indlela ukuphendula lo mbuzo bekuyoba nge randomized ukuhlola lapho abanye babevuna khona bafakwa kubekhona ukuthola uqeqesho noma cha ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa. Khona-ke, abacwaningi babengase ukulinganisa umphumela eyodwa ukuze siqeqeshelwe lezi ababambiqhaza uqhathanisa inkokhelo abantu abathola ukuqeqeshwa leyo awuzange uyamukele.

Ukuqhathanisa elula sivumelekile ngenxa yokuthile kwenzeka ngaphambi idatha ngisho eqoqwe: the eqenjini. Ngaphandle eqenjini ngokwethuba, inkinga kuba trickier okuningi. Umcwaningi olungaqhathaniswa inkokhelo ntu bonke abaqhutshwa yinhliziyo evumayo ubhaliselwe ukuqeqeshwa kulabo akazange ubhalisele. Lokho comparison Cishe bekungeke zibonisa ukuthi abantu abathola ukuqeqeshwa amanye amatalenta, kodwa kungakanani ngempela kungenxa yokuthi ukuqeqeshwa engakanani lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu ubhalisele ukuqeqeshwa azisafani ukuthi musa ubhalisele ukuqeqeshwa? Ngamanye amazwi, kungaba kuhle yini ukuqhathanisa inkokhelo la maqembu amabili abantu?

Lokhu ukukhathazeka mayelana iziqhathaniso ukujabulisa kuholela abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba enze esiyimbangela tilinganiso ngaphandle egijima UCWANINGO. Lesi simangalo uyeqisa. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kwenziwa ucwaningo ukunikeza ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda ngokuba esiyimbangela imiphumela, kukhona nezinye iindlela ezingenza ukunikeza abalulekile esiyimbangela tilinganiso. Kunokuba sicabange ukuthi tilinganiso esiyimbangela Kuphakathi lula (in the case of nemaresiphi) noma kungenzeki (in the case of bayahlala waphawula idatha), kungcono sicabange amasu ngokwenza tilinganiso esiyimbangela elele kanye Eziqhubekayo kusuka anamandla umpofu (Figure 2.4). Ekupheleni esiqine kunazo continuum kuthiwa randomized kocwaningo. Kodwa, lezi ngokuvamile kunzima ukukwenza esikhathini ucwaningo emphakathini ngenxa zokwelapha ngaphandle kwegazi eziningi zidinga amanani ongenangqondo ukubambisana ohulumeni noma izinkampani; impela nje kukhona ucwaningo ukuthi asikwazi ukukwenza. I uyoyinikela yonke Isahluko 4 kokubili amandla nobuthakathaka randomized kocwaningo, mina ngizobe bathi kwezinye izimo, zikhona izizathu eziqinile eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha bakhetha elibukelayo izindlela zokuhlola.

Figure 2.4: Izindlela Eziqhubekayo Amasu okuhlela nokucwaninga kulinganiselwa esiyimbangela imiphumela.

Moving egudle continuum, zikhona izimo lapho abacwaningi baye kungabekwa ngembaba randomized. Lokho, abacwaningi ezizama ukufunda ulwazi experiment-like ngaphandle empeleni ukwenza ukuhlolwa; ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuzoba olukhohlisayo, kodwa idatha big kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lethu lokwenza tilinganiso esiyimbangela kulezi zimo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izilungiselelo lapho randomness emhlabeni kwenzeka ukwakha into efana UCWANINGO kubacwaningi. Lezi imiklamo zibizwa ngokuthi kwenziwa ucwaningo zemvelo, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esiGabeni 2.4.3.1. izici Two kwemininingwane imithombo-yabo enkulu njalo-emvelweni nasembulungeni yabo usayizi-kakhulu sithuthukisa ikhono lethu ukuze ufunde kusukela ekuhlolweni zemvelo lapho zenzeka.

Ukuthuthela kude randomized kocwaningo, ngezinye izikhathi alikho ngisho umcimbi emvelweni ukuthi singasebenzisa ukuze zazikuphi sokuhlolwa yemvelo. Kulezi izilungiselelo, singakwazi enza ngokucophelela iziqhathaniso ngaphakathi idatha non-yokulinga zi emzamweni zazikuphi UCWANINGO. Lezi imiklamo zibizwa ngokuthi elimetjhako, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esiGabeni 2.4.3.2. Like nemaresiphi zemvelo, kobuso umklamo sizuzisa kusuka big imithombo idatha. Ikakhulu, ubukhulu-kokubili okukhulu mayelana nenani amacala kanye nohlobo lokwaziswa ngalinye icala-kakhulu kusiza elihamelanayo. The umehluko phakathi kwenziwa ucwaningo yemvelo futhi elimetjhako wukuthi ucwaningo zemvelo umcwaningi uyazi inqubo okuyothi ukwelashwa wabelwa futhi ikholwa ukuba ingakhethi.

Umqondo iziqhathaniso fair bashukunyiswa izifiso ukuba ingabe ucwaningo futhi isisekelo sokuma kusondela ezimbili ehlukile: kwenziwa ucwaningo yemvelo kanye elihamelanayo. Lezi izindlela ezibonisa kuzokwenza ukuthi ube balinganisela esiyimbangela imiphumela kusuka kwidatha bayahlala okuphawulwe ethola iziqhathaniso fair ehlezi ngaphakathi kwe-data ukuthi usunayo.