2.2 idatha Big

Idatha Big zidalwe futhi eqoqwe ohulumeni ngenhloso ngaphandle ucwaningo. Ukusebenzisa le datha ucwaningo, Ngakho-ke, kudinga repurposing.

An umbono idealized yocwaningo social ucabanga usosayensi kokuba umqondo othile bese ukuqoqa idatha ukumvivinya lowo mbono. Lesi sitayela ucwaningo kuholela okwaziyo Friend phakathi umbuzo ucwaningo kanye nedatha, kodwa alinganiselwe ngoba umcwaningi ngabanye ngokuvamile abanalo izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukuqoqa idatha abakudingayo, ezifana idatha enkulu, abacebile, futhi kuzwelonke-omele. Ngakho-ke, a lot of ucwaningo social esikhathini esedlule uye wasebenzisa ezinkulu survey social, ezifana General Social Survey (GSS), i-American National Ukhetho Study (ANES), kanye Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Lezi inhlolovo emikhulu ngokuvamile run by iqembu labacwaningi futhi zenzelwe ukwakha idatha engasetshenziswa by abacwaningi abaningi. Ngenxa imigomo yalezi survey emikhulu, ukunakekelwa okukhulu Ufakwa aklame okuqoqiwe balungiselela idatha eziwumphumela ukuze isetshenziswe ngabacwaningi. Lezi idatha abacwaningi kanye abacwaningi.

Nokho, ucwaningo social Iningi asebenzise ubudala nesikhundla imithombo digital, ngokuyisisekelo ezahlukene. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa idatha eqoqwe abacwaningi kanye abacwaningi, lisebenzisa idatha imithombo ukuthi kwadalwa futhi eqoqwe by amabhizinisi kanye nohulumeni izinjongo zabo ezifana ukwenza ibhayisikobho engenisa inzuzo, isevisi, noma ukwengamela umsebenzi emthethweni. Lezi ibhizinisi kanye nohulumeni imithombo idatha baye Wabizwa ngokuthini idatha big. Ukucwaninga idatha big ihlukile kune ukwenza ucwaningo nge idatha ukuthi ekuqaleni umuntu wadalwa ngenjongo yocwaningo. Qhathanisa, ngokwesibonelo, i-website zokuxhumana, ezifana Twitter, ne bendabuko umbono weningi inhlolovo ezifana General Social Survey (GSS). imigomo esemqoka Twitter sika zihlinzeka isevisi kubasebenzisi bayo nokwenza inzuzo. In the inqubo ukufezekisa lezi zinjongo, Twitter kudala idatha engase ibe wusizo sokutadisha izici ezithile nemibono yomphakathi. Kodwa, ngokungafani General Social Survey (GSS), Twitter awukona ngokuyinhloko sasigxile ekucwaningeni social.

Leli gama idatha enkulu frustratingly engacacile, futhi amaqembu ndawonye izinto eziningi ezahlukene. Ngokwezinhloso zalo ucwaningo social, ngicabanga kuyasiza ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu imithombo data. Uhulumeni Amarekhodi zokuphatha kanye ibhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha Uhulumeni amarekhodi zokuphatha idatha zidalwe ohulumeni njengengxenye yemisebenzi yabo isimiso. Lezi zinhlobo zamarekhodi ibisetshenziswa abacwaningi esikhathini esidlule-ezifana abacwaningi bamanani ukutadisha lokuzalwa, amarekhodi-kodwa umshado, futhi ukufa ohulumeni ziya ziba mandla lokuqoqa nokukhulula amarekhodi okuningiliziwe amafomu analyzable. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni New York City efakwe metres digital ngaphakathi kwazo zonke itekisi edolobheni. Lezi amamitha alobe zonke izinhlobo idatha mayelana ride ngasinye taxi kuhlanganisa nomshayeli, isikhathi sokuqala kanye nendawo, isikhathi stop nendawo, kanye yokugibela. Ocwaningweni ukuthi ngizokutshela kamuva kulesi sahluko, Henry Farber (2015) kushintshwe inhloso yayo lezi idatha ukubhekana mpikiswano eliyisisekelo emshikashikeni ezomnotho ngobuhlobo inkokhelo ngehora kanye namahora wasebenza.

Uhlobo lwesibili main idatha big for ucwaningo social ibhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha. Lawa idatha ukuthi ibhizinisi ukudala futhi ukuqoqa njengengxenye yemisebenzi yabo isimiso. La ibhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi izibazi digital, futhi zihlanganisa izinto like search engine nombuzo izingodo, izikhala social media, futhi ushayele amarekhodi mobile phones. Ngalokujulile, lezi ibhizinisi amarekhodi zokuphatha akuzona nje mayelana nokuziphatha online. Ngokwesibonelo, izitolo ezisebenzisa scanner phuma udala izinyathelo real-time of nomkhiqizo wezisebenzi. Ocwaningweni ukuthi Ngizokutshela mayelana kamuva kulesi sahluko, Alexandre Mas futhi Enrico Moretti (2009) kushintshwe inhloso yayo le esuphamakethe idatha phuma ukutadisha indlela lokukhiqiza abasebenzi is uthintwe umkhiqizo ontanga yabo.

Njengoba zombili lezi zibonelo zibonisa, umqondo repurposing luyisisekelo ukufunda kusuka idatha big. Ngolwazi lwami, ososayensi bezenhlalo nososayensi idatha asondele kule repurposing ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu. Izazi zokuhlalisana kwabantu, ngubani zijwayele kufinyelele ekusebenteni ngedatha eyenzelwe ucwaningo, bayashesha aveze izinkinga idatha kushintshwe inhloso yayo, kuyilapho bezishaya indiva izimfanelo zayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ososayensi idatha bayashesha aveze izinzuzo idatha kushintshwe inhloso yayo, kuyilapho bezishaya indiva nobuthaka bayo. Njengokulindelekile, le ndlela engcono kungaba hybrid. Okungukuthi, abacwaningi kudingeka siqonde izici zalezi imithombo emisha kwemininingwane-kokubili izinto ezinhle nezimbi-abese ukuthola indlela esingakufunda kubo. Futhi, okungukuthi plan for esele kwalesi sahluko. Okulandelayo, mina ngeke ukuchaza izici eziyishumi ezivamile kwezamabhizinisi nakuhulumeni idatha zokuphatha. Ngemva kwalokho, mina ngeke ukuchaza ucwaningo lusondela ezintathu engasetshenziswa nalezi idatha, kusondela ukuthi kahle kahle ukuba izici kwale datha.