2.3.1.2 I-
Njalo-on idatha big kwenza isifundo izenzakalo ezingalindelekile futhi real-time nesilinganiso.
Abaningi big idatha izinhlelo zihlale-on; basuke lokuqoqa njalo idatha. Lesi sici njalo-on inikeza abacwaningi ngedatha longitudinal (ie, idatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Njengoba babehlala-on kunemithelela ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo.
Okokuqala, njalo-on idatha iqoqo kwenza abacwaningi ukutadisha izenzakalo ezingalindelekile ngezindlela ezazingakaze kungenandlela ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi nesithakazelo ekutadisheni Occupy imibhikisho ehambisana Gezi eTurkey ngo ehlobo lika 2013 kwakuyoba ivame ukugxila ukuziphatha ababhikishi ngesikhatsi semcimbi. Ceren Budak futhi Duncan Watts (2015) sakwazi ukwenza okwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa njalo-on nature of Twitter ukutadisha Twitter esebenzisa ababhikishi ngaphambi, phakathi nangemva kwalesi senzakalo. Futhi, bakwazi ukwakha iqembu ukuqhathaniswa non-ababambiqhaza (noma ababambiqhaza ongazange Tweet ngalo mbhikisho) ngaphambi, phakathi nangemva umcimbi (Figure 2.1). In Imininingwane ex-post yabo panel zazihlanganisa Tweets kwabantu 30,000 eminyakeni emibili. By amanyathelo idatha evame ukusetshenziswa kusuka kule mibhikisho nalokhu neminye imininingwane, Budak kanye Watts sakwazi ukuba ufunde okuningi: bakwazi ukulinganisa lokho izinhlobo zabantu ayemaningi amathuba okuba ubambe iqhaza kule mibhikisho Gezi futhi ukulinganisa ukushintsha kwezimo zengqondo of abahlanganyeli kanye non-ababambiqhaza, kokubili e-short-term (ngokuqhathanisa pre-Gezi phakathi Gezi) nasesikhathini eside (ngokuqhathanisa pre-Gezi post-Gezi).
Figure 2.1: Design olusetshenziswa Budak and Watts (2015) ukuze batadishe Occupy imibhikisho ehambisana Gezi eTurkey ngo ehlobo lika 2013. Ngokusebenzisa njalo-on nature of Twitter, abacwaningi wadala nalokho akubiza ithimba ex-post ukuthi yayihlanganisa ephathelene abantu 30,000 eminyakeni emibili. Ngokuphambene lolu cwaningo ejwayelekile egxile abahlanganyeli kule mibhikisho, iphaneli ex-post unezela idatha 1) kusukela abahlanganyeli ngaphambi nangemva umcimbi kanye 2 idatha) kusuka non-abahlanganyeli ngaphambi, phakathi nangemva kwalesi senzakalo. Lesi sakhiwo idatha abasizakali inikwe amandla Budak futhi Watts ukulinganisa lokho izinhlobo zabantu ayemaningi amathuba okuba ubambe iqhaza kule mibhikisho Gezi futhi ukulinganisa ukushintsha kwezimo zengqondo iqhaza kanye non-ababambiqhaza, kokubili e-short-term (ngokuqhathanisa pre-Gezi phakathi Gezi) nasesikhathini eside (ngokuqhathanisa pre-Gezi post-Gezi).
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye zalezi olinganiswa mafutha ngabe elingenziwe njalo-on iqoqo idatha imithombo (isib, yesikhathi eside izilinganiso sengqondo ushintsho), nakuba iqoqo lemininingwane efana nalena kubantu 30,000 kwakuyobe kungenanjongo ngempela eqolo. Futhi, yebo unikezwa nesabelo esingenamkhawulo, angikwazi Zikhona yini ezinye izindlela ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi ukuhamba emuva ngesikhathi enenza bagcine abahlanganyeli ukuziphatha esikhathini esidlule. Enye abaseduze bekuyoba ukuqoqa imibiko zokuhlola ezithile zokuziphatha, kodwa le mibiko babeyoba lembudumbudu okulinganiselwe kanye nokunemba okungabazekayo. Ithebula 2.1 sihlinzekela kunezinye izibonelo izifundo ezisebenzisa i njalo-on umthombo wemininingwane ukutadisha kwenzeka isenzakalo esingalindelekile esashintsha.
| isenzakalo esingalindelekile esashintsha | Njalo-on idatha umthombo | ukulandisa |
|---|---|---|
| 'Hwebani Gezi movement in Turkey | Budak and Watts (2015) | |
| Kuqubuke imibhikisho ehambisana Umbrella e Hong Kong | Zhang (2016) | |
| Ukudutshulwa samaphoyisa eNew York City | Misa-and-frisk imibiko | Legewie (2016) |
| Person ngokujoyina Isis | Magdy, Darwish, and Weber (2016) | |
| September 11, 2001 attack | livejournal.com | Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) |
| September 11, 2001 attack | imiyalezo ipheyija | Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) , Pury (2011) , Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2011) |
Okwesibili, njalo-on idatha iqoqo kwenza abacwaningi ukuba ukukhiqiza izilinganiso real-time, okungaba ebaluleke kuzilungiselelo lapho abenzi inqubomgomo ufuna hhayi nje nifunde ukuziphatha ekhona kodwa futhi ayasabela. Ngokwesibonelo, idatha media social kungenziwa ayelusa izimpendulo temvelo (Castillo 2016) .
Ekuphetheni, njalo-on idatha systems unike amandla abacwaningi ukutadisha izenzakalo ezingalindelekile futhi inikeze ulwazi real-time abenzi inqubomgomo. Angizange Nokho, ukuphakamisa ukuthi lokho njalo-on idatha systems unike amandla abacwaningi ukulandelela izinguquko ngemva kwesikhathi eside. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi eziningi ezinkulu idatha izinhlelo ekushintsheni-njalo inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi drift (Isigaba 2.3.2.4).
