5.3.2 Foldit
Foldit ucingo enhle evulekile ngoba lwenza non-ochwepheshe ukuba uhlanganyele esikweni ngendlela fun.
I-Netflix Prize, kanti evocative futhi kucace, akusho ukufanekisa uhla eligcwele call evulekile amaphrojekthi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Netflix uMklomelo Inengi labahlanganyeli ezingathi sína eminingi ukuqeqeshwa izibalo nokufunda umshini. Kodwa, amaphrojekthi call evulekile ingahilela abahlanganyeli eningenamali kwakunendlela yokuqeqeshelwa, njengoba kwaboniswa Foldit, iprotheni ukusonga game.
Amaprotheni ukusonga uhlelo okuyothi uchungechunge amino acid livele ezakheke. With a ukuqonda kangcono nale nqubo, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bengasebenzisa ukuklama amaprotheni bobunjwa ethize engase isetshenziswe njengengcina imithi. Ukwenza Ukuphila Kube Lula impela kancane, amaphrotheni bathambekele bathuthele amandla ukucushwa yabo ephansi kunazo zonke, ukumisa ukuthi ilinganisa odlulela ahlukahlukene bese idonsa ngaphakathi amaprotheni (Figure 5.7). Ngakho, uma umcwaningi ufuna ukubikezela ukuthi komumo okuyinto iprotheni pheceza, ikhambi lizwakala lilula: vele uzame bonke ukucupha kungenzeka, ukubala amandla abo, futhi zibikezela ukuthi amaprotheni pheceza singene eliphansi kunawo wonke amandla ukucushwa. Ngeshwa, la mandla ndlela ezinonya ohilela uzama bonke ukucupha esingenzeka computationally engenakwenzeka ngoba kukhona izigidigidi zezigidi ukucupha engahle. Ngisho ne-computer enamandla kunawo wonke iyatholakala namuhla-nasesikhathini esizayo force esizayo-ezinonya nje Ngeke kusebenze. Ngakho-ke, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zasungula ubuchule abaningi uhlakaniphile kahle ukucinga eliphansi kunawo amandla ukucushwa. Kodwa, naphezu amanani ezinkulu umzamo zesayensi kanye yezamakhompyutha, lezi ubuchule kukhona namanje neze.
Figure 5.7: Amaprotheni ukusonga. Image yadalwa futhi ibekwe ku domain yomphakathi by "DrKjaergaard". Source: Wikimedia Commons .
David Baker kanye neqembu lakhe labacwaningi e-University of Washington beniyingxenye umphakathi lososayensi ukusebenza ukuthuthukisa tindlelanchubo kangcono yezamakhompyutha ukuze amaprotheni ukusonga. Ukuze ukulandelela okwakwenzeka ngesikhathi ubuchule babo ababekhala ngayo cranking away, Baker neqembu lakhe kwakuyoba ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ubuke i-screen-hlenga ukuthi visualized inqubekela phambili ubuchule babo. Ngesikhathi bebuka lezo Imifanekiso, Baker waqala ukuzibuza ukuthi bekuyoba nokwenzeka khona ngabantu ukuba kusize phakathi nenkathi, kanjalo saqala Foldit, ucingo ovulekile creative futhi emuhle (Hand 2010) .
Foldit uphendulela inqubo amaprotheni ukusonga ibe umdlalo ingadlalwa yinoma ubani. Ngokombono umdlali, Foldit okubonakala kuwukugula okungasho iphazili (Figure 5.8). Abadlali betfulelwa ephothana ezintathu-ntathu of isakhiwo amaprotheni futhi ongenza operations- "hlasi", "nyakazisa", "bakwakhe" -umuntu ukushintsha ukwakheka kwalo. Ngokwenza le misebenzi abadlali ukushintsha ukuma amaprotheni, nakho ukunyuselwa noma kuyancipha score yabo. Ngalokujulile, score ibalwa esekelwe energy-level of ukucushwa kwamanje; ephansi-energy ukucupha kuholele izikolo ephakeme. Ngamanye amazwi, lo score kusiza abaqondise abadlali njengoba cinga low-energy ukucupha. Lo mdlalo nje kungenzeka ngoba-nje like ukubikezela izilinganiso movie Netflix uMklomelo amaprotheni ukusonga ubuye nesimo lapho kuba lula ukuhlola izixazululo kuka ukukhiqiza kubo.
Figure 5.8 Game screen for Foldit.
design Foldit sika nenhle kwenza abadlali ongenalwazi olutheni esisemthethweni oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ancintisane ubuchule best yakhelwe ngochwepheshe. Nakuba abadlali abaningi okuhle ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi umsebenzi, zikhona wabadlali abambalwa futhi amaqembu elincane abadlali ezehlukile. Eqinisweni, inhloko-to-ekhanda ukuncintisana ukubikezela isakhiwo of 10 amaprotheni ethize, Foldit abadlali sakwazi ukushaya state-of-the-art amaprotheni ukusonga ubuchule kahlanu (Cooper et al. 2010) .
Foldit kanye Netflix umklomelo zihlukile ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa bobabili zihilela izingcingo evulekile for amakhambi lula ukuhlola kuka ukukhiqiza. Manje, sizobona sakhiwo lesifanako nangenye indlela ehluke kakhulu setting: umthetho patent. Lesi sibonelo wokugcina wemashi inkinga evulekile ucingo kubonisa ukuthi lungasetshenziswa in izilungiselelo ezingekho kusobala amenable ukuba quantification.
