5.2.2 Isixuku-esephepheni of manifestos ezombusazwe
Coding manifestos ezombusazwe, into ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngochwepheshe, kungenziwa eyenziwa womuntu kathisha project okuholele ekutheni reproducibility mkhulu nakalula.
Efana Galaxy Zoo, kunezimo eziningi lapho abacwaningi social ufuna ikhodi, ahlukanisa, noma kulebula isithombe noma ucezu lombhalo. Isibonelo salokhu uhlobo locwaningo iyona esephepheni of manifestos zezombusazwe. Phakathi ukhetho, amaqembu ezombusazwe ukukhiqiza manifestos echaza isikhundla inqubomgomo yawo futhi eqondisa namafilosofi. Ngokwesibonelo, nakhu isiqeshana Manifesto of Labor Party eGreat Britain 2010:
"Izigidi zabantu abasebenza amasevisi ethu zomphakathi ihlanganise amagugu best of Britain, esiza athuthukise abantu ukuba benze okungcono kakhulu ukuphila kwabo engozini ngesikhathi abavikele kusukela izingozi akufanele babe ukuba athwale bebodwa. Njengoba nje kudingeka sidle ukuze babe nesibindi sokushumayela ngendima kahulumeni ekwenzeni ezimakethe ukusebenza kahle, kudingeka nokuba abashisekeli bezinguquko ngokugqamile kahulumeni. "
Lezi manifestos aqukethe idatha eziwusizo for ososayensi ezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ukhetho ukutadisha futhi Dynamics mpikiswano inqubomgomo. Ukuze kubhekwane kukhishwe ukwaziswa okukulezi manifestos, abacwaningi wadala The Manifesto Project , okuyinto ihlelwe ososayensi ezombusazwe khomba 4,000 manifestos cishe 1,000 amaqembu angu-50. Umusho ngamunye Manifesto ngamunye ibilokhu code by uchwepheshe usebenzisa isikimu 56-isigaba. Waba yini umphumela walo mzamo ngokubambisana kuyinto kudathasethi omkhulu kufinyeta ulwazi setintfo letitfolakala kulezi manifestos, futhi lokhu kudathasethi iye yasetshenziswa ezingaphezu kuka-200 amaphepha isayensi.
Kenneth Benoit kanye nozakwabo (2015) wanquma ukuthatha Manifesto esephepheni umsebenzi owawukade eyenziwa ngochwepheshe futhi ibe womuntu kathisha project. Ngenxa yalokho, aba umhlahlandlela wokwakha isiphakamiso inqubo esephepheni ukuthi kuyinto reproducible more and more nezimo, ingasaphathwa eshibhile futhi ngokushesha.
Ukusebenza 18 manifestos ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokhetho eziyisithupha yamuva in the UK, Benoit kanye nozakwabo wasebenzisa uqhekeko-kusebenza-okuhlangana isu nabasebenzi ovela wezabasebenzi micro-msebenzi (Amazon Mechanical Turk futhi CrowdFlower kuyizibonelo micro-msebenzi izimakethe zabasebenzi; ngokuba more on micro-msebenzi izimakethe zabasebenzi, bheka iSahluko 4). Abacwaningi wathatha Manifesto ngamunye uluhlukanise zibe imisho. Okulandelayo, isilinganiso womuntu lasetshenziswa umusho ngamunye. Ikakhulu, uma umusho abathintekayo sitatimende senchubomgomo, kwathiwa code kanye Ubukhulu ezimbili: kwezomnotho (kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla kakhulu kakhulu) kanye nezenhlalo (kusuka ovulekile ngoludala) (Figure 5.5). umusho ngamunye code abantu abahlukene mayelana 5. Ekugcineni, lezi izilinganiso yahlanganiswa usebenzisa isibonelo izibalo zaba zombili ngabanye Rater imiphumela kanye nobunzima nemiphumela isigwebo. Kuzo zonke, Benoit kanye nozakwabo eqoqwe izilinganiso 200,000 abasebenzi mayelana 1,500.
Figure 5.5: Coding scheme kusukela Benoit et al. (2015) (Fig 1).
Ukuze ukuhlola ikhwalithi esephepheni isixuku, Benoit kanye nozakwabo futhi okumalungana 10 ochwepheshe-oprofesa nabafundi graduate in Political Science-rate ama-manifestos efanayo esebenzisa inqubo efanayo. Nakuba izilinganiso amalungu esixuku ngamashumi variable ezingaphezu kuka izilinganiso kusuka ochwepheshe, ukuvumelana isixuku isilinganiso kwadingeka isivumelwano esiphawulekayo isilinganiso uchwepheshe ukuvumelana (Figure 5.6). Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubonisa ukuthi, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye Galaxy Zoo, kathisha amaphrojekthi womuntu kungaveza high quality imiphumela.
Figure 5.6: tilinganiso Expert (x-axis) kanye nesixuku tilinganiso (y-eksisi) ababevumelana ephawulekayo lapho esephepheni 18 manifestos party kusukela Great Britain (Benoit et al. 2015) . I manifestos code babehlala kusukela amaqembu amathathu ezombusazwe (Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrats) kanye nokhetho eziyisithupha (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010).
Ngokwakha le Chile, Benoit kanye nozakwabo esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwabo isixuku-esephepheni ukuze wenze ucwaningo ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ne Manifesto Project. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Manifesto Project akazange ikhodi manifestos ngesihloko kwamanye amazwe ngoba lokho wayengeyena isihloko ezimangalisayo lapho scheme esephepheni yasungulwa maphakathi nawo-1980. Futhi, kuleli qophelo, kuba logistically infeasible for the Manifesto Project iphindele emuva futhi kabusha ikhodi manifestos zabo ukuba liyobamba lolu lwazi. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi abacwaningi nesithakazelo ekutadisheni kwezombangazwe kwamanye amazwe kukhona out of inhlanhla. Nokho, Benoit kanye nozakwabo sakwazi ukusebenzisa womuntu kathisha uhlelo lwabo ukuze benze lokhu esephepheni-egcizelele ucwaningo lwabo yemibuzo ngokushesha futhi kalula.
Ukuze ukutadisha inqubomgomo emnyango wabavela kwamanye amazwe, baba code i-manifestos for amaqembu ayisishiyagalombili okhethweni 2010 eGreat Britain. Umusho ngamunye Manifesto ngayinye ehlukahlukene njengoba ukuthi ezihlobene kwamanye amazwe, futhi uma kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki kwaba pro-somnyango wezifiki, abathathi hlangothi, noma anti-somnyango wezifiki. Kungakapheli amahora angu-5 sethula uhlelo lwabo, imiphumela yaba ngo. Babekade eqoqwe engaphezu kuka 22,000 izimpendulo ngemali ingqikithi $ 360. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezilinganiso esixukwini wabonisa isivumelwano esiphawulekayo vo ngaphambili lochwepheshe. Khona-ke, njengoba ukuvivinywa kokugcina, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, abacwaningi okuhloliwe kwaphinde kwakhiqizwa nesixuku sazo-esephepheni. Ngamahora ambalwa, babekwenze wadala kudathasethi entsha-isixuku ehlukahlukene eduze abafanelana original-isixuku ehlukahlukene isethi idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, kathisha womuntu wawubanika ukuba ukhiqize esephepheni tematheksthi yezombangazwe bavumelana Isazi okuhlaziya kanye kwaba reproducible. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi kathisha womuntu wayeshesha futhi ezishibhile, kwakulula ngabo ukuba oyifisayo iqoqo yabo idatha yombuzo wabo ocwaningo oluthile mayelana emnyango wabavela kwamanye amazwe.
