5.4.3 Isiphetho
Okusatshalalisiwe iqoqo idatha kungenzeka, futhi esikhathini esizayo kuyoba cishe kuhilele ubuchwepheshe kanye iqhaza yekwentiwa.
Njengoba eBird uyabonakalisa, kwasakazwa iqoqo idatha ingasetshenziswa ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, PhotoCity kubonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezihlobene izibonelo zalokho futhi izinga idatha ezingaba solvable.
Kungenzeka kanjani ukuba zisakazwe idatha yomsebenzi ukuqoqwa ucwaningo social? A isibonelo esihle livela emsebenzini uSusan Watkins nawozakwabo phezu Malawi AmaJenali Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Kulesi phrojekthi, 22 lendawo izakhamuzi okubizwa ngokuthi "izintatheli" -kept "amajenali okuxoxa" ukuba kubhalwe, ngokuningiliziwe, ezingxoxweni they sayizwa ngengculazi ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zabantu abavamile (ngesikhathi project waqala, cishe 15% wabantu abadala e Malawi base abatheleleke nge-HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Ngenxa isimo sabo ngaphakathi, laba izintatheli sakwazi ukuba zivame izingxoxo okungenzeka ezingafinyeleleki Susan Watkins nabahlanganyeli bakhe ucwaningo Western (ngixoxa le izimiso lokhu kamuva kuso leso sahluko lapho mina ukunikeza iseluleko mayelana ukuklama yakho siqu mass ukubambisana project ). Idatha kusukela Malawi AmaJenali Project kuye kwaholela eziningi okutholakele ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi project waqala, abantu bangaphandle abaningi bakholwa ukuthi kwathula ngengculazi e-sub-Saharan Afrika, kodwa amajenali kwabonisa ukuthi ilungelo lokuba lesi kwaba ngokucacile akunjalo: izintatheli sayizwa ngamakhulu ingxoxo ngesihloko, ezindaweni ezikude njenge imingcwabo , nemishayo, futhi amasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunjalo izingxoxo ezinjalo ziye zabasiza abacwaningi ukuqonda kangcono ezinye ukumelana ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu; indlela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kwaba ihlelwe imiyalezo zezempilo zomphakathi akuhambisani nendlela okuxoxwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuthi kwathiwa (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Yiqiniso, njengo idatha kusuka eBird, idatha kusuka Malawi AmaJenali Project aluphelele, umagazini idingidwa by Watkins kanye nozakwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-nezingxoxo eziqoshiwe akuzona isampula okungahleliwe zonke izingxoxo kungenzeka. Kunalokho, zingabantu ukubalwa ongaphelele izingxoxo ngengculazi. NgokoMthetho we izinga idatha, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izintatheli yawo kwakuyilawa eliphezulu izintatheli, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuvumelana ngaphakathi lwamaphephandaba yonkana namajenali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuza kuye izintatheli ziningi ngokwanele itshalwa setting encane ngokwanele kanye nemibiko bagxile kudingidwa isihloko esithile, komsebenzi sebekwazi, okuyinto kungenza ngizethembe quality idatha. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi osebenza ngocansi okuthiwa i- "Stella" wabonisa izikhathi eziningana nakomagazini izintatheli ezine ezahlukene (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Njengoba kwakunjalo ngo-PhotoCity, ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi kuyinto isimiso esibalulekile ekuhloleni nokuqinisekisa izinga idatha ku basakaza iqoqo idatha amaphrojekthi. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukwakha umuzwa wakho, Ithebula 5.3 likhombisa zabanye abayizibonelo basakaza iqoqo idatha ucwaningo social.
| Idatha eqoqwe | ukulandisa |
|---|---|
| Izingxoxo mayelana HIV / AIDS e Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street encenga in London | Purdam (2014) |
| Udweshu izenzakalo e Eastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| Umsebenzi Economic eNigeria Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| umkhuhlane ukubhekwa | Noort et al. (2015) |
Zonke izibonelo ezichazwe kulesi sigaba ayedinga iqhaza: izintatheli eloba izingxoxo ukuthi bezwa; birders alayishiwe Birding yabo izinhlu zokubheka okukhona nokungekho; noma abadlali alayishiwe izithombe zabo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma iqhaza kwaba othomathikhi futhi akazange zidinga noma yiliphi ikhono noma isikhathi ukuze uhambise? Lona isithembiso olunikezwa "abathola yokubambisana" noma "abantu-centric abathola." Ngokwesibonelo, i-Pothole Patrol, project ososayensi eMIT, aboshelwe GPS accelerometers ayihlomele ngaphakathi etekisini CAB eziyisikhombisa endaweni Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Ngoba ukushayela pothole kushiya isignali abahlukene accelerometer, lezi amadivaysi, lapho ufakwa amatekisi ezihambayo, ungakha amabalazwe pothole laseBoston. Yiqiniso, amatekisi musa nemiyalezo isampula imigwaqo, kodwa zinikezwe amatekisi ngokwanele, kungase kube khona Ukuhlanganisa kwanele ukuhlinzeka ulwazi mayelana izingxenye ezinkulu they umuzi. Inzuzo yesibili izinhlelo yekwentiwa ancike ubuchwepheshe ukuthi de-ikhono inqubo sandla idatha: ngenkathi kudinga ikhono ukuze neqhaza eBird (ngoba udinga ukuba ukwazi thembeke ukuhlonza zezinyoni), it akudingi amakhono akhethekile ukuba nesandla Pothole Patrol.
Going phambili, Ngiyasola ukuthi iqoqo idatha amaningi asakaza imiklamo uzoqala ukwenza ukusetshenziswa amakhono bamaselula ukuthi sezivele eyalo izigidigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Lezi amafoni kakade unayo inombolo enkulu izinzwa ezibalulekile wokulinganisa, ezifana imibhobho, amakhamera, amadivaysi GPS, kanti amawashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi omakhalekhukhwini ukusekela zokusebenza third-party olwenza abacwaningi ngezinga elithile ecashile iqoqo idatha yezifiso. Ekugcineni, lezi amafoni babe Internet-zokuxhuma, okwenza bakwazi ukuba off-ukulayisha idatha babutha. Baningi izinselele yobuchwepheshe izinzwa enganembile ekuphileni limited ibhethri, kodwa lezi zinkinga ngeke cishe inciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuchwepheshe eba. Izindaba eziphathelene ubumfihlo kanye izimiso zokuhle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungase uthole more xaka njengoba ubuchwepheshe eba; Mina ngizoba ubuyele imibuzo mayelana nokuziphatha uma nginikela iseluleko mayelana ukuklama siqu sakho mass ukubambisana.
In basakaza iqoqo idatha amaphrojekthi, amavolontiya esivivaneni idatha mayelana nezwe. Le ndlela iye kakade yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo, futhi usetshenziswa esizayo ngeke cishe ukubhekana izibonelo zalokho futhi izinga idatha ukukhathazeka. Ngenhlanhla, amaphrojekthi ezikhona ezifana PhotoCity futhi Pothole Patrol basikisela izixazululo lezi zinkinga. Njengoba imisebenzi ukusizakala ubuchwepheshe eyenza iqhaza de-ezinamakhono nezingenawo yekwentiwa, kwasakazwa iqoqo idatha amaphrojekthi kufanele andise kakhulu kule esikalini, olwenza abacwaningi ukuqoqa idatha ukuthi wayemane nje off imikhawulo esikhathini esidlule.
