5.1 Isingeniso
Wikipedia Kuyamangaza. A ngokubambisana mass amavolontiya wadala encyclopedia kumnandi ukuthi liyatholakala kubo bonke abantu. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo Wikipedia ubengekho ulwazi olusha; kunalokho, kwaba uhlobo olusha ukubambisana. I age digital, ngenhlanhla, kwenza amafomu eziningi ezintsha ngokubambisana. Ngakho, kufanele manje ubuze: lokho okukhulu zesayensi izinkinga-izinkinga esasiyobhekana ukuxazulula ngabanye-esingayenza manje sibukane ndawonye?
Ukuhlanganyela in ucwaningo alulusha, of course. Nokho, Kuyini omusha, wukuthi yobudala digital kwenza ngekubambisana ne iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene ngaphezulu kwabantu; zezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke nge-Internet. Ngilindele ukuthi lezi collaborations omusha mass izoba nemiphumela emangalisayo hhayi nje ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu sabantu abathintekayo kodwa ngenxa amakhono abo ahlukahlukene futhi yayihluke. Singabonisa kanjani nifaka bonke uxhumano Inthanethi zibe uhlelo lwethu locwaningo? Yini ongayenza nge abasizi ucwaningo 100? Kuthiwani 100,000 nabahlanganyeli abanekhono?
Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezinto ukubambisana mass, futhi ososayensi computer ngokuvamile uzihlele zibe izigaba inombolo enkulu kusekelwe emigomweni yabo lobuchwepheshe (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Nokho, Kulesi sahluko, Ngizofika ngetigaba ukusebenzisana amaphrojekthi mass esekelwe kanjani angasetshenziswa ucwaningo social. Ikakhulu, ngicabanga kuyasiza ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo ezintathu amaprojekthi: kathisha womuntu, call evulekile, futhi basakaza iqoqo idatha (Figure 5.1).
Mina ngizoba ukuchaza ngasinye salezi zinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe enkulu kamuva kuso leso sahluko, kodwa okwamanje ake ngichaze ngamunye kafushane omunye. Kathisha amaphrojekthi abangabantu Lifanele for izinkinga okulula umsebenzi-big-scale ezifana kulebula million images. Lawa amaphrojekthi ukuthi esikhathini esidlule kungenzeka eyenziwa ngu undergraduate abasizi ucwaningo. Iminikelo asidingi amakhono ezihlobene umsebenzi, kanti okukhipha kokugcina ngokuvamile yisilinganiso sesifundo yonke iminikelo. A iyisibonelo esihle womuntu kathisha phrojekthi Galaxy Zoo, lapho kwakukhona khona izisebenzi zokuzithandela zasiza ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu izazi zezinkanyezi uhlukanise a million imithala. Amaphrojekthi Vula ucingo kuthiwa Lifanele for izinkinga lapho nifuna inoveli nezimpendulo esingalindelekile ngokucacile zavela imibuzo. Lawa amaphrojekthi okungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esidlule abathintekayo becela ozakwabo. Iminikelo bavela kubantu abangase babe namakhono akhethekile ezihlobene umsebenzi, kanti okukhipha yokugcina kuvamise kunazo zonke iminikelo. A iyisibonelo esihle salokhu i call ngokukhululekile kubalulekile Netflix Prize, lapho izinkulungwane ososayensi kubaduni wasebenza ukuthuthukisa ubuchule entsha ukuze ukubikezela izilinganiso amakhasimende 'of movies. Ekugcineni, idatha basakaza iqoqo imisebenzi Lifanele for ezinkulu iqoqo idatha. Lawa amaphrojekthi ukuthi esikhathini esidlule kungenzeka eyenziwa ngu-undergraduate ucwaningo abasizi noma izinkampani ucwaningo inhlolovo. Iminikelo ngokuvamile zivela kubantu abafinyelela izindawo abacwaningi abangakakwazi, futhi umkhiqizo wokugcina iqoqo elula iminikelo. A iyisibonelo esihle basakaza iqoqo data eBird, lapho emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezikhonza ukunikela imibiko ngezinyoni abakubonayo.
Figure 5.1: IMisa ukubambisana kwendikimba. Lesi sahluko ihlelwe ezizungeze izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko of mass ngokubambisana: kathisha womuntu, call evulekile, futhi basakaza iqoqo idatha. Ezimweni ezivamile, ngekubambisana mass ihlanganisa imibono evela emasimini ezifana yisakhamuzi isayensi, Ukuthumela, futhi intelligence collective.
Ngokubambisana IMisa has womlando omude ocebile emikhakheni efana astronomy (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) kanye ngesimiso semvelo (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , kodwa akukabi ovamile e ucwaningo social. Nokho, ngokuchaza amaphrojekthi yimpumelelo abavela kwamanye amasimu kanye nokunikeza izimiso ezimbalwa ekuhleleni key, ngithemba ukukukhuthaza ngezinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngokubambisana mass usetshenziswe ucwaningo social. Futhi, kwesibili, abacwaningi abasebenzisa mass ngokubambisana uzokwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ukuthi wayeke kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Nakuba ngokuvamile ngokubambisana mass igqugquzela indlela ukusindisa imali, kuba okungaphezu kwalokho. Njengoba Ngizobonisa, ngekubambisana mass ayivele kusinika ithuba lokwenzani eshibhile ucwaningo, liyasisiza ukuba wenze ucwaningo kangcono.
Esahlukweni ngezansi, ngoba ngamunye amafomu emithathu eyinhloko mass ngokubambisana, ngizokwenza bachaza isibonelo prototypical; kufanekiswe amaphuzu athile ezibalulekile ezengeziwe izibonelo eminye; futhi ekugcineni chaza indlela leli fomu ukubambisana mass kungasetjentiswa ucwaningo social. Isahluko siyophetha ngenkulumo izimiso ezinhlanu ezingasiza ekwakheni yakho siqu mass ukubambisana project.
