6.4.4 Inhlonipho Law and Public Interest
Ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Interest Public kwelula isimiso of Beneficence ngalé lokubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni ethize ukuze ihlanganise bonke abathintekayo.
Yokugcina isimiso esingasisiza aqondise ukucabanga kwakho ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest. Lesi simiso livela Umbiko Menlo, ngakhoke kungenzeka kancane eyaziwayo abacwaningi social. I Menlo Umbiko uveza ukuthi lesi simiso yokuthi bahlonipha umthetho futhi Public Interest kuyincazelo yegama isimiso of Beneficence, kodwa Report Menlo uveza ukuthi okudingeka siwuphendule ecacile. Engqondweni yami, indlela engcono ukucabanga ngalesi simiso wukuthi Beneficence ivame ukuba kugcila nokuthi ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest kucaciswa ikhuthaza abacwaningi ukuthatha umbono ebanzi futhi zihlanganisa aphule umthetho yezakhi yabo. Ocwaningweni-ezifana analog yobudala nenhlolovo bendabuko kanye lab kwenziwa ucwaningo-abacwaningi ngamashumi lingezothinta ngengozi aphule umthetho. Ocwaningweni online, lena, ngeshwa, kuyiqiniso ingasaphathwa.
In the Umbiko Menlo, ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest has izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene: (1) Ukuhambisana (2) Ukuziphendulela nazimfihlo-based. Compliance kusho ukuthi abacwaningi azame ukuba baqaphele futhi silalele imithetho efanele, izinkontileka, futhi imigomo yesevisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhambisana kuyosho ukuthi umcwaningi ucabangela ukuhwaya okuqukethwe website kumele ufunde futhi ucabangele imigomo-of-service esivumelwaneni sokuthi website. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho kuvunyelwe ukuthi ephule imigomo yesevisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesinye isikhathi kokubili Verizon futhi AT & T kwadingeka imigomo yesevisi ezisivimbezela kumakhasimende ukugxeka kwabo (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Abacwaningi akufanele ngokuzenzakalela eboshiwe ndlela imigomo-of-service Izivumelwano. Okungcono kakhulu, uma abacwaningi nemigomo yesevisi ye izivumelwano, kumele achaze isinqumo yabo obala (isib, Soeller et al. (2016) ). Kodwa, lokhu ukuvuleleka kungase kwembule abacwaningi ukuba wanezela ingozi zomthetho. E-United States, isibonelo, i-Computer Ukukhwabanisa Abuse Act ikwenza kube ukwephula umthetho nemigomo yesevisi ye izivumelwano (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016) .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuziphendulela transparency-based kusho ukuthi abacwaningi Kumele sicacise ngemigomo, izindlela, kanye nemiphumela kuzo zonke izigaba inqubo yabo ucwaningo kanye ukuthatha zibhekane nemiphumela yezenzo zazo. Enye indlela ukucabanga ngalokhu ukuziphendulela transparency-based ukuthi uzama ukuvimba umphakathi nocwaningo ekwenzeni izinto ekusithekeni. Lokhu ukuziphendulela transparency-based kwenza indima oqondiswe umphakathi ucwaningo kanye nomphakathi ezimpikiswaneni zokuziphatha, okuyinto ebaluleke for kokubili yezizathu eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha futhi ezingokoqobo.
Ukusebenzisa isimiso yokuthi bahlonipha umthetho Nesithakazelo Public kulezi izifundo ezintathu kubonisa ezinye abacwaningi yinkimbinkimbi nazo lapho kuziwa umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, Grimmelmann (2015) uye wagomela ukuthi kungenzeka Contagion Emotional kwaba emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho in the State of Maryland. Ikakhulu, Maryland House Bill 917, zadlula ngo-2002, kwelula Common Rule Ukuvikeleka kubo bonke ucwaningo olwenziwe e Maryland, ezimele umthombo ngezimali (khumbula ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Contagion Emotional sasingekho isidingo sokulalela uMthetho Common ngaphansi uMthetho Federal ngoba lwenziwe at Facebook, esikhungweni akamukeli izimali ucwaningo kusukela US Uhulumeni). Nokho, ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi Maryland House Bill 917 ngokwaso noMthethosisekelo [ Grimmelmann (2015) ; p. 237-238]. Ukusenza umkhuba abacwaningi social akuzona abahluleli, futhi ngenxa yalokho azikwazi ukuqonda futhi bahlole nomthetho imithetho yonke 50 US uthi. Lezi ayinkimbinkimbi kuthiwa wawuhlanganisa kumaphrojekthi international. Encore, isibonelo, kuhileleke abavela emazweni angu-170, okwenza nomthetho emangalisayo nzima. Ukuphendula nakutemtsetfo edidayo, abacwaningi kufanele niqaphele ukuba ibhekane third-party ethical review yomsebenzi wabo, njengoba bobabili weseluleko mayelana nezimfuneko zomthetho isivikelo siqu uma kwenzeka ucwaningo lwabo kuyinto ungahlosile ngokungemthetho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke izifundo ezintathu imiphumela eshicilelwe yabo kumajenali academic olwenza ukuziphendulela transparency-based. Empeleni, Contagion Emotional yanyatheliswa ukufinyelela evulekile ukuze umphakathi ucwaningo kanye nomphakathi atshelwe-sezigcwalisekile-mayelana nomklamo kanye imiphumela yocwaningo. Omunye wesithupha ukuba bahlole izinto obala-based ukuziphendulela ongabona ngayo ukuzibuza: Kwakuyoba ngikhululekile uma izinqubo yami ucwaningo zalotshwa cishe on the front page bakithi iphephandaba ekhaya? Uma impendulo ingucha, ukuthi kuwuphawu obunamandla bokuthi umklamo ucwaningo lwakho ludinga izinguquko.
Ekuphetheni, uMbiko Belmont futhi Menlo Umbiko ukuphakamisa izimiso ezine ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ucwaningo: Inhlonipho Persons, Beneficence, uJustice, begodu ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest. Ukusebenzisa lezi zimiso ezine practice akuyona inkinga njalo kuqondile, futhi kungadinga okulinganisa nzima. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho enquma ukuthi debrief ababambiqhaza Contagion Emotional, Inhlonipho Lwabantu Ungase ukhuthaze debriefing kanti Beneficence kungasidikibalisa debrief (uma debriefing kwakuyoba ngokwayo ukwenza umonakalo). Ayikho indlela okuzenzakalelayo yokulinganisela kulezi zimiso ukuncintisana, kodwa okungenani, izimiso ezine ukusiza icacise ukudela okuthile, uphakamise izinguquko yokwenza ucwaningo imiklamo, futhi unika amandla abacwaningi ukuba achaze lokho owawukucabanga nge nomunye kanye nomphakathi jikelele.
