6.4.2 Beneficence
Beneficence imayelana ukuqonda kanye nokwenza ngcono iphrofayli ingozi / inzuzo yokutadisha kwakho, bese kokunquma uma ushaya esele kwesokudla.
I Belmont Umbiko uveza ukuthi isimiso of Beneficence kuyisibopho ukuthi abacwaningi kufanele ababambiqhaza, futhi ukuthi lokhu kuthinta izingxenye ezimbili: (1) ungawoni kanye (2) wengeze izinzuzo kungenzeka ukunciphisa efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka kungenzeka. I Belmont Umbiko ulandelela umqondo "ungawoni" kuya Hippocratic isiko okumayelana nokuziphatha wezokwelapha, futhi ungaboniswa ifomu eqinile lapho abacwaningi "akufanele ona omunye umuntu kungakhathaliseki izinzuzo ezingase zitholakale ukuze basize abanye" (Belmont Report 1979) . Nokho, uMbiko Belmont liyavuma ukuthi ukufunda lokho okufundiswa kuyazuzisa kungase kuhilele eneka abanye abantu engozini. Ngakho-ke, lo kuphoqelelwa ukwenza kube nomonakalo kungaba esishayisana kuphoqelekile ukuba bafunde, okuholela abacwaningi ukuba senze izinqumo ngezikhathi ezithile ezinzima mayelana "lapho kuba kulungele ukungenziwa ukufuna izinzuzo ezithile naphezu izingozi ezihilelekile, futhi lapho izinzuzo kufanele kuzenzakalele ngenxa the izingozi. " (Belmont Report 1979)
Ngo practice, isimiso Beneficence iye wabachazela kusho ukuthi abacwaningi siyenze ekwenzeni izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene: nengozi / inzuzo analysis bese isinqumo mayelana ngabe izingozi nezinzuzo ashaye i balance zesimilo ezifanele. Le nqubo kuqala ngokuyinhloko udaba lobuchwepheshe edinga ubuchwepheshe omkhulu, kanti eyesibili kungenxa yinto zesimilo lapho ubuchwepheshe omkhulu kungase kube asilutho noma olimazayo.
Lapho sihlaziya ingozi / inzuzo Luhilela kokubili ukuqonda kanye nokwenza ngcono izingozi nezinzuzo isifundo. Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlekelele kumele zihlanganisa izakhi ezimbili: ematfuba izigigaba ezingezinhle nobukhulu lezo zenzakalo. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, isibonelo, umcwaningi ikwazi ukujwayela design cwaningo ukuze unciphise ematfuba umcimbi ezingezinhle (isib, screen out abahlanganyeli abangenabani) noma ukunciphisa ububi besimo sokuguquka umcimbi basithumela uma kwenzeka (isib, yenza ukwelulekwa atholakale abahlanganyeli ukucelile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale nqubo abacwaningi kudingeka sikhumbule umthelela umsebenzi wabo hhayi nje iqhaza, kodwa futhi non-iqhaza zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ukuhlolwa by Restivo futhi van de Rijt (2012) umphumela imiklomelo Wikipedia abahleli (sifundzile eSehlukweni 4). Kulesi experiment, abacwaningi wanika imiklomelo abanye abahleli ukuthi kubhekwe ofanelekayo kuwo bese zilandelwa iminikelo yabo Wikipedia kuqhathaniswa neqembu control of abahleli ngokulinganayo ofanelwe obani laba bacwaningi akasinikanga umklomelo. Kulesi sifundo esithile, isibalo imiklomelo balinika lalilincane, kodwa uma abacwaningi base odla izindwani Wikipedia nge imiklomelo kwakungase baphazamise umphakathi abahleli ngaphandle lokulimaza noma yisiphi sazo ngabanye. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho nenza ingozi / inzuzo analysis kufanele ucabange ngomthelela umsebenzi wakho hhayi nje iqhaza kodwa emhlabeni ngokubanzi.
Okulandelayo, once izingozi eziye ziyancipha futhi izinzuzo noma kunakekelwa, abacwaningi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi isifundo Lishaya ukulinganisela evumayo. Ethicists musa batusa summation okulula izindleko nezinzuzo. Ikakhulu, ezinye izingozi zihumusha inkulumo ucwaningo impermissible kungakhathaliseki izinzuzo (isib Tuskegee ugcunsula Ucwaningo oluchazwe kuyi-Historical iSithasiselo). Ngokungafani ukuhlaziywa ingozi / inzuzo, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko ezobuchwepheshe, lesi sinyathelo sesibili iyona zesimilo ngokujulile futhi kungenzeka eqinisweni kumele okucetshiswe abantu abangenaso ethize subject-ndawo ubuchwepheshe. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuthi abantu bangaphandle ngokuvamile ubona tintfo letehlukene kusukela wangaphakathi, IRBs in the US kudingeka okungenani owodwa non-umcwaningi. Ngolwazi lwami abakhonza i IRB, lezi abantu bangaphandle kungaba usizo ekuvimbeleni iqembu ucabange. Ngakho uma unenkinga kokunquma ucwaningo lwakho project ushaya efanele kwezinhlekelele / inzuzo analysis musa nje cela kosebenza nabo, zama becela abanye non-abacwaningi; izimpendulo zabo ingase ikumangaze.
Ukusebenzisa isimiso of Beneficence ukuba izibonelo ezintathu eziphawulwe siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile akukho okuqinisekile ngalokhu obuzwakalayo ngezingozi ngaphambi isifundo kuyaqala. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi angazanga ematfuba noma ubukhulu bale izigameko ezingezinhle ezavela ukuthi ungase ubangelwe izifundo zabo. Lokhu ukungaqiniseki empeleni kuvamile ucwaningo yobudala digital, futhi kamuva kulesi sahluko, ngizobuya uyinikele esigabeni sonke babhekane nenselele yokwenza izinqumo ubuso ukungaqiniseki (Isigaba 6.6.4). Nokho, isimiso Beneficence owenza izinguquko kwabanye ukuthi kungenzeka kwenziwe kulezi izifundo ukuthuthukisa ingozi / inzuzo yabo balance. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Contagion Emotional, abacwaningi babengase aye azama screen abantu engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala futhi nabantu abangase babe cishe ikakhulukazi ukuba asabele kabi ekwelapheni. Baphindze wayengase ziye zazama mbalwa ababambiqhaza ngokusebenzisa izindlela ephumelelayo ezibalo (njengoba zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe eSahlukweni 4). Ngaphezu kwalokho, babengase baye bazama ukugada ababambiqhaza futhi anikele usizo kunoma ubani ukuthi kubukeka sengathi yokulinyazwa. Ngo Taste, Ties, futhi Time, abacwaningi Angabucedza imincele extra endaweni lapho kudedelwa idatha (nakuba izinqubo zabo zavunyelwa by IRB waseHarvard okusikisela ukuthi bangabafokazi ekhambisana nentando umkhuba ovamile ngaleso sikhathi); Mina ngizoba ukusikisela othize okwengeziwe mayelana nedatha ukukhululwa kamuva kuso leso sahluko lapho ngichaze ingozi lwati (Isigaba 6.6.2). Ekugcineni, ngo-Encore, abacwaningi babengase aye azama mbalwa izicelo ngokwezocansi okuyingozi ukuthi zidalwe ukuze kuzuzwe imigomo yokukala project, futhi bona babengayithola abashiywe ngaphandle abahlanganyeli ukuthi kukhona kunawo nasezingozini ohulumeni ingcindezelo. Ngalunye lwalolu shintsho kungenzeka sasizoboniswa ukudela okuthile zingene design kwala maphrojekthi, futhi umgomo wami akusho ukuthi lezi abacwaningi okwakuyoba lezi zinguquko. Kunalokho, umgomo wami iwukubonisa zezinguquko ukuthi isimiso of Beneficence kungaba isikisele.
Ekugcineni, nakuba yobudala digital ngokuvamile wenza enesisindo of izingozi nezinzuzo lelukhuni, liye empeleni kwenza kwaba lula abacwaningi ukwandisa izinzuzo zomsebenzi wawo. Ikakhulu, amathuluzi yobudala digital kakhulu lula ucwaningo evulekile kanye reproducible, lapho abacwaningi ukwenza idatha ucwaningo zabo kanye nekhodi itholakala kwabanye abacwaningi futhi wenze amaphepha abo atholakale emphakathini by kokushicilela ukufinyelela evulekile. Lolu shintsho ukuvula kanye nocwaningo reproducible, kuyilapho neze elula, inikeza indlela yokusebenza kubacwaningi ukwandisa izinzuzo ucwaningo ngaphandle eneka abahlanganyeli kunoma iyiphi ingozi eyengeziwe (data ukwabelana kuyisenzo ngaphandle kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe esigabeni lwati ingozi (Isigaba 6.6.2)).
