6.5 Two izinhlaka eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha
Mpikiswano Iningi mayelana nendlela yokuziphatha yocwaningo ukunciphisa nezingxabano phakathi consequentialism kanye deontology.
Lezi zimiso ezine zesimilo basuke ngokwabo ngokuyinhloko lisuselwa izinhlaka ezimbili abstract zesimilo: consequentialism kanye deontology. Ukuqonda lezi izinhlaka kuyasiza ngoba kuyokusiza ukukhomba bese ngicabangisise ngezinto omunye ukungezwani ebaluleke kakhulu okumayelana nokuziphatha ucwaningo: uma ungakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingabangela abangenasimilo ukufezekisa kuphele zokuziphatha.
Consequentialism, izimpande emsebenzini Jeremy Bentham futhi uJohn Stuart Mill, ligxile ukuthatha letiholela uthi engcono emhlabeni wonke kunalena (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Isimiso Beneficence, egxile kulinganisa engozini kanye nemihlomulo, lusekelwe ngokujulile ukucabanga consequentialist. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, deontology, izimpande emsebenzini ka-Immanuel Kant, lugxile imisebenzi zesimilo, ezimele bemiphumela yato (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Isimiso Inhlonipho Lwabantu, okugxile ukuzimela ababambiqhaza, lusekelwe ngokujulile ukucabanga deontological. Indlela esheshayo futhi ongahluziwe ukuhlukanisa izinhlaka ezimbili wukuthi consequentialists agxile amachopho deontologists ukugxila izindlela.
Ukuze sibone indlela lezi izinhlaka ezimbili angahluka, cabanga emvume unolwazi. Bobabili izinhlaka ebesingase sisetshenziselwe ukusekela zemvume unolwazi kodwa aboshelwe izizathu ezingafani. Isizathu consequentialist kokwaziswa wukuthi kuyasiza ukuvikela ukulimala abahlanganyeli by ovimba ucwaningo lokho akusho kahle yekulinganisa ingozi futhi inzuzo elindelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucabanga consequentialist shoka emvume unolwazi ngoba kusiza ukuvimbela imiPhumela yokuFunda kumiphumela yokuhlaziya ezimbi abahlanganyeli. Nokho, impikiswano deontological kokwaziswa ligxile duty umcwaningi sokuhlonipha ukuzimela kwababambe iqhaza lakhe. Ngenxa yalezi zindlela, a consequentialist emsulwa ingase ithande waive imfuneko kokwaziswa esimweni lapho kwakungekho ingozi, kanti deontologist oluhlanzekile angase angakwazi.
Bobabili consequentialism futhi deontology siqonde zesimilo ezibalulekile, kodwa ngamunye angathathwa ukweqisa aluhlaza cwe. Ngoba consequentialism, omunye lezi zimo ezedlulele yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi ukufakelwa. Cabanga nje udokotela onendlu kweziguli ezinhlanu befa yokungasebenzi kwezitho zomzimba kanye isiguli unempilo ogama izitho Ungagcina zonke ezinhlanu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, udokotela consequenalist bayovunyelwa-ngisho edingekayo-ukubulala isiguli uphilile ukuthola izitho zakhe. Lokhu kugxila ngokuphelele imikhawulo, ngaphandle kokubheka izindlela, kunephutha.
Ngokufanayo, deontology kungabuye zithathwe ngokweqile sezimiso, ezifana ecaleni yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi Timebomb. Cabanga nje iphoyisa kuye kwathonya amaphekula owazi indawo Timebomb kuboniswe ngophawu ezokwenza ukubulala izigidi zabantu. Iphoyisa deontological wayengeke aqambe amanga ukuze aphambe u-amaphekula uveze indawo ibhomu. Lokhu kugxila ngokuphelele izindlela, ngaphandle Mayelana emikhawulweni, futhi kunephutha.
Ngo practice, abacwaningi nabantu ngokuphelele bamukele inhlanganisela yalezi nezinhlaka ezimbili zokuziphatha. Bebona lokhu Ukuxubana izikole zesimilo kusiza acacise ukuthi kungani mpikiswano-okuyinto eziningi eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha avame ukuba phakathi kwalabo abangamalungu consequentialist xaxa futhi abangase deontological-Ungafundi bathuthuke okuningi. Lezi mpikiswano kuyaqabukela ukuxazulula ngoba consequentialists zinikeza izimpikiswano ezingapheli nganoma imikhawulo, izingxabano kungukuthi obukholisayo ukuba deontologists abakhathazeke eliphathelene nelungiselelo. Ngokufanayo, deontologists bathambekele ukunikeza izimpikiswano ezingapheli nganoma ngayiphi indlela, ezingafaneleki obukholisayo ukuba consequentialists abenza egxile imikhawulo. Ingxabano phakathi consequentialists futhi deontologists banjengolwandle imikhumbi emibili labona ebusuku.
Omunye isixazululo kulezizimpikiswano kungaba abacwaningi social ukuthuthukisa iyinhlanganisela engaguquki, ngokokuziphatha esiqinile, futhi isicelo kalula consequentialism kanye deontology. Ngeshwa, lokho akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke; Izazi zefilosofi bebe- kulezi zinkinga okwesikhathi eside. Ngakho, ngicabanga inkambo kuphela isinyathelo siwukuqaphela ukuthi sisebenzela kusuka izisekelo nesimiso sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula futhi muddle phambili.
