6.6.4 Ukwenza izinqumo ngaphakathi the bombo of ukungaqiniseki

Ukungaqiniseki akudingeki akuvezi lutho.

Le ndawo nokokugcina lapho ngilindele abacwaningi azabalaze ukwenza isinqumo ngaphakathi the bombo of ukungaqiniseki. Yilokho, ngemuva zonke philosophizing futhi okulinganisa, nokuziphatha ucwaningo kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nalokho esiyokwenza futhi lokho okungafanele ukwenze. Ngeshwa, lezi zinqumo ngokuvamile kufanele kwenziwe okusekelwe selwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuklama Encore, abacwaningi kungase ufisa ukwazi ematfuba ukuthi kuzobangela othile ukuba wavakashela ngamaphoyisa. Noma, uma ukuklama Emotional Contagion abacwaningi kungase ufisa ukwazi ematfuba ukuthi babekwazi kubangele ukucindezeleka kwezinye abahlanganyeli. Lezi Ematfuba cishe eliphansi kakhulu, kodwa akwaziwa phambi ucwaningo senzeka. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi kungoni project zilandelwa ulwazi emphakathini mayelana izigameko ezingezinhle ezavela, lezi Ematfuba kungukuthi ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngisho nangemva amaphrojekthi zaphela.

Ukungaqiniseki Akubona ucwaningo emphakathini yobudala digital. I Belmont Umbiko, lapho echaza kuhlola esihleliwe izingozi nezinzuzo, ngendlela eyingcaca liyavuma lezi kuzoba nzima kwezakhi ncamashi. Nokho, ukungaqiniseki Lezi, zinzima ngaphezulu yobudala digital, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi sinefu nakho kancane, futhi ngokwengxenye ngenxa izici ucwaningo social age digital.

Ngenxa yalezi ukungaqiniseki abanye abantu babonakala khulumela into enjengale "ephephile kangcono ukwedlula sorry," okuyinto version eyayivame ukusetshenziswa le zokuqapha Isimiso. Nakuba le ndlela livela kunengqondo-mhlawumbe ngisho ehlakaniphile kungenza empeleni ngibangele umonakalo; it is amakhaza nocwaningo; futhi kubangela abantu bacabanga ngendlela engafanele (Sunstein 2005) . Ukuze siqonde izinkinga ne zokuqapha Principle, ake sicabangele Contagion Emotional. Ucwaningo Kwakuhlelwe ukuba zihilela abantu mayelana 700.000, futhi kwaba khona ngokuqinisekile abanye ithuba lokuthi abantu ekuhlolweni kwakuyoba zingalimali. Kodwa, kwakukhona abanye ithuba ukuhlola babekwazi ukuthela ulwazi lokuthi kwakuyozuzisa kubasebenzisi Facebook futhi emphakathini. Ngakho, ngesikhathi kuvunyelwa Ukuhlolwa ingozi (njengoba kwenziwa okwamanje eyanele okuxoxwe), ukuvimbela ukuhlolwa ubuye nengozi yokuthi isilingo kwakungabangela ulwazi oluyigugu. Yiqiniso, isinqumo akuyona phakathi kokwenza ukuhlolwa njengoba kwenzeka futhi awawenzi umsebenzi wokulinga; ziningi ukuhlela kabusha kungenzeka ukuba design okungenzeka ukuthi awungenisa balance zesimilo ezahlukene. Nokho, esikhathini esithile, abacwaningi bayoba choice phakathi kokwenza isifundo futhi asenzi isifundo, futhi kukhona izingozi kuzo zombili action and lutho. Kuyinto engalungile ukugxila izingozi isinyathelo. Impela wamane, akukho ndlela ingozi-free.

Moving ngaphesheya zokuqapha Principle, enye indlela ebalulekile ukucabanga mayelana nokwenza izinqumo owanikwa ukungaqiniseki is the sakugcina ingozi standard. I sakugcina imizamo ingozi ejwayelekile lokuma ingozi isifundo esithile ngokumelene izingozi ababambiqhaza obeka isandla sakho kukho ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke, ezifana ukudlala imidlalo kanye nokushayela izimoto (Wendler et al. 2005) . Le ndlela lubaluleke ngoba ekuhloleni ukuthi into ingozi sakugcina kulula kunalokho ekuhloleni izinga langempela lobungozi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Contagion Emotional, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ucwaningo, abacwaningi babengase baye kuqhathaniswa okuqukethwe imizwelo zemvelo News WONDLA okuqukethwe ngokomzwelo ababambiqhaza bazowubona ekuhlolweni (Meyer 2015) . Uma Izindaba Okuphakelayo ngaphansi ukwelashwa zazifana nalezo ngokwemvelo zenzeka on Facebook, khona-ke abacwaningi babengase baphetha ngokuthi ukuhlola nengozi sakugcina. Futhi, babekwazi ukwenza lesi sinqumo ngisho noma abazi izinga eliphelele lobungozi. Le ndlela efanayo singasetshenziswa Encore. Ekuqaleni, Encore libangelwa izicelo amawebhusayithi kwakwaziwa ukuthi awayikhokhi ebucayi, ezifana website amaqembu ezombusazwe bavinjelwe emazweni nohulumeni ingcindezelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakungeyona ingozi sakugcina abahlanganyeli emazweni athile. Nokho, inguqulo ebukeziwe ka Encore-okuyinto kuphela libangelwa izicelo Twitter, Facebook, futhi i-YouTube isicelo sakugcina ngoba izicelo nalezo zindawo libangelwa ngesikhatsi ukuphequlula web evamile (Narayanan and Zevenbergen 2015) .

A iphuzu elibalulekile sesibili yilesi lapho senza izinqumo mayelana izifundo ingozi engaziwa kuyinto analysis amandla, okuyinto kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi ukubala usayizi ezifanele isifundo sawo (Cohen 1988) . Okungukuthi, uma isifundo sakho ingase adalule ababambiqhaza engozini-ngisho ingozi-ke sakugcina isimiso of Beneficence kusikisela ukuthi ufuna ukuphoqelela lemali owesincane ingozi ezidingekayo ukuze afinyelele imigomo ucwaningo lwakho. (Cabanga Nciphisa isimiso ukuthi mina sifundzile eSehlukweni 4.) Nakuba abanye abacwaningi ukuthanda nokwenza izifundo zabo njengoba big ngangokunokwenzeka, izimiso zokuhle ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kufanele senze izifundo zethu njengoba encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho, ngisho noma ungazi izinga esiqondile lobungozi isifundo sakho kuhilela, analysis amandla ingakusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuba njengoba encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Power analysis akukusha Yiqiniso, kodwa kukhona umehluko obalulekile phakathi indlela ukuthi lalisetshenziswa yobudala analog nendlela kufanele lisetshenziswe namuhla. In the age analog, ngokuvamile bacwaningi amandla ukuhlaziywa ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ukutadisha kwabo kwakungeyona ezincane kakhulu (ie, ngaphansi-sikagesi). Nokho, Manje, abacwaningi okufanele ukwenze amandla ukuhlaziywa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukutadisha kwabo akuyona engahlula (ie, phezu-sikagesi). Uma wenza kanjalo analysis amandla futhi ubonakala isifundo sakho ukuze zidinga inombolo omkhulu abantu, khona-ke lokho kungase kube uphawu lokuthi umphumela utadisha kuyinto encanyana. Uma kunjalo, kufanele sibuze ukuthi lo mphumela encane ngokwanele kubalulekile ukuba ukuphoqelela inani elikhulu labantu ukuba izingozi usayizi engaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi impendulo cishe akukho (Prentice and Miller 1992) .

I sakugcina ingozi standard namandla analysis sikusize ucabangisise kahle izifundo mayelana ne-design, kodwa musa ukunikeza noma iluphi ulwazi olusha mayelana nendlela abahlanganyeli angase azizwe ngayo ngalokho ukutadisha kwakho nokuthi yini nezingozi kwakungaba ukubamba iqhaza ekufundeni kwakho. Enye indlela yokubhekana nazo ukungaqiniseki ukuqoqa ulwazi olwengeziwe, okuholela zesimilo-impendulo ukuhlola kanye sokuphumela novivinyo.

In zesimilo impendulo survey, abacwaningi, zinikeza incazelo emfushane ehlongozwayo yocwaningo bese ubuza imibuzo emibili:

• (Q1) "Uma umuntu onendaba ngamashumi umhlanganyeli ukhetho for lesi silingo, ubungeke uthande lowo muntu ukuba zifakwe njengoba umhlanganyeli?": [Yebo], [anginazo izintandokazi], [Akukho]
• (Q2) "Uyakholwa ukuthi abacwaningi kufanele bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka lesi silingo? ': [Yebo], [Yebo, kodwa ngokuqapha], [Angiqiniseki], [Akukho]

Ukulandela umbuzo ngamunye, abantu okwaxoxwa anikezwa isikhala ngazo bahlathulule ipendulo yabo. Ekugcineni, abantu okwaxoxwa-ayengaba abangaba ababambiqhaza noma abantu ukubuthwa micro-msebenzi temisebenti Imakethe (isib, Amazon Mechanical Turk) eliwumlingo -Phendula eminye imibuzo ekhanga abantu babo bonke eyisisekelo (Schechter and Bravo-Lillo 2014) .

Ethical impendulo survey izici ezimbili ngikuthola ezikhangayo ikakhulukazi. Okokuqala, bona kwenzeke ngaphambi a ubelokhu efundelwa, ngakhoke kungavimbela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ucwaningo (njengoba kuqhathaniswa kusondela ukuthi ukuqapha ukusabela ezingezinhle). Okwesibili, unobuntu impendulo survey unike amandla abacwaningi ukuba aveze izinguqulo eziningi wocwaningo ukuze bahlole okucatshangelwayo ibhalansi zesimilo izinguqulo ezahlukahlukene zomklamo efanayo. Nokho, Omunye nemikhawuko, ka zesimilo-Ukusabela survey wukuthi akucaci ukuthi ukuze kunqunywe phakathi ezahlukene ucwaningo imiklamo banikezwa imiphumela inhlolovo. Ezimweni yokungaqiniseki okwedlulele lolu hlobo ulwazi engase isize izinqumo Umhlahlandlela abacwaningi '; Eqinisweni, Schechter and Bravo-Lillo (2014) embikweni ukuyeka isifundo kuhlelwe eziphendula ebekukhalwa ababambiqhaza in an inhlolovo zesimilo-impendulo.

Nakuba isikhalo sokuziphatha-Ukusabela survey kungaba usizo lokuhlola ukusabela kocwaningo oluhlongozwayo, azikwazi ukukala ematfuba noma kobukhulu izigigaba ezingezinhle. Enye indlela ukuthi abacwaningi bezokwelapha ukubhekana ungabazane izilungiselelo eyingozi is ukusihlela izilingo, indlela engase ibe usizo esifundweni ucwaningo social.

Lapho ukuhlola ukuphumelela isidakamizwa esisha, abacwaningi musa ngokushesha sifinyelele a randomized uhlolo olukhulu ngeziguli. Kunalokho, bagijima ezimbili izinhlobo izifundo zokuqala. Ekuqaleni, endaweni yocwaningo lwesigaba mina, abacwaningi ikakhulukazi egxile ekutholeni umthamo ephephile, futhi lezi zifundo ezihilela inamba encane yabantu. Kanye umthamo ephephile kutholakala, Phase II izilingo ukuhlola kusebenta izidakamizwa, kungcono ikhono ukusebenza in nesimo best-case (Singal, Higgins, and Waljee 2014) . Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye Phase mina no izifundo II umuthi omusha avunyelwe ukuba zihlolwe uhlolo olukhulu randomized elawulwa. Nakuba isakhiwo esiqondile eziyizinhlupheko ukusihlela elisetshenziswa ngayo kwemithi emisha kungenzeka ingabi esihle ucwaningo social, lapho sibhekene ukungaqiniseki, abacwaningi ikwazi izifundo ezincane kucaciswa yakhelwe ukuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ne Encore, ungase ngeso lengqondo abacwaningi uthome abahlanganyeli emazweni ukubusa-of-law eqinile.

Together lezi zindlela emine sakugcina ingozi standard, amandla analysis, unobuntu-Ukusabela survey, kanye ukusihlela izilingo-engakusiza uqhubeke ngendlela onomqondo, ngisho nalapho bebhekene ukungaqiniseki. Ukungaqiniseki akudingeki akuvezi lutho.