3.1 Isingeniso

Abacwaningi abahlole ukutadisha amahlengethwa kungaba ungababuzi imibuzo. Ngakho, dolphin abacwaningi bephoqeleka ukuba ukutadisha ukuziphatha. Abacwaningi abahlole ecwaninga abantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele siwasebenzise ngokunenzuzo iqiniso lokuthi ababambiqhaza bethu kungaba ukukhuluma. Ukubuza abantu imibuzo bekulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile ucwaningo social okwesikhathi eside, futhi yobudala digital kokubili kwenza futhi kudinga izinguquko ezithile zocwaningo inhlolovo. Naphezu kweqiniso nombono wokungabi nathemba ukuthi abanye abacwaningi inhlolovo njengamanje uzizwe, ngilindele ukuthi age digital kuzoba yokuchuma ucwaningo inhlolovo.

Umlando ucwaningo inhlolovo kungenziwa kalukhuni ihlukaniswe nangenkathi ezintathu zidlulela, zihlukaniswe ukuhwebelana ezimbili baphikisana (Groves 2011; Converse 1987) . Kwamanje esiyikho iyinkathi yezinguquko phakathi nangenkathi wesibili nowesithathu, kodwa zokuqala nangenkathi-engowesibili kanye soguquko phakathi kwabo-ahlinzeke ukuqonda ikusasa yocwaningo inhlolovo.

Ngenkathi kuqala yocwaningo inhlolovo, cishe 1930 - 1960, intuthuko izibonelo zalokho zesayensi lwemibuzo design kancane kancane kwaphumela ukuqonda zanamuhla yocwaningo inhlolovo. Inkathi yokuqala yocwaningo Ucwaningo libhekene endaweni okungenzeka izibonelo zalokho futhi ubuso nobuso interview.

Khona-ke, intuthuko-kwezobuchwepheshe okusheshayo okwandile kwamafoni ninalo e amazwe acebile-okwaholela inkathi yocwaningo inhlolo-vo yesibili. Lokhu era yesibili, esukela cishe ku 1960 - 2000, besihambisana nesiminyaminya okungahleliwe enamadijithi angu lokudayela (RDD) ematfuba izibonelo zalokho futhi ucingo izingxoxo. Ukuyekwa kwendlela yama-inkathi yokuqala kuya enkathini yesibili kwaphumela ekwandeni ezinkulu ngo nekghono kunciphe izindleko. Abacwaningi abaningi abalibheki Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela yesibili ngokuthi inkathi yokuchuma yocwaningo inhlolovo.

Manje, nesinye isenzakalo esiphawulekayo-kwezobuchwepheshe digital yobudala-ekugcineni uyobapha ngesandla basiyise enkathini yesithathu yocwaningo inhlolovo. Lolu shintsho qhutshwa kokubili push bese udonsa zici. Ngokwengxenye, abacwaningi ziphoqelelwa ukuba ashintshe ngoba kusondela kusukela enkathini yesibili ukuphuka age digital (Meyer, Mok, and Sullivan 2015) . Ngokwesibonelo, amakhaya bayanda abanayo ninalo izingcingo non-Ukusabela rates-wabaphenduli abenza banambitha kodwa awahlanganyeli vo-kuye kwanyuka (Council 2013) . Ngesikhathi le ukuwohloka wesibili era Tindlelanchubo izibonelo zalokho futhi ixoxa, kukhona elandayo ukutholakala of big idatha imithombo (bheka iSahluko 2) ebonakala sengathi nokusongela buyisela survey. Ngaphezu kwalezi zici push, kukhona nazo ukudonsa izici: owesithathu inkathi kusondela zinikeza amathuba Amazing, njengoba Ngizokukhombisa kulesi sahluko. Nakuba izinto nhlobo ixazululwe okwamanje, ngilindele ukuthi inkathi yesithathu yocwaningo inhlolovo uzobe libhekene non-okungenzeka izibonelo zalokho futhi izingxoxo zaphathwa-computer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba le nangenkathi ngaphambili libhekene tindlelanchubo zabo ukuba izibonelo zalokho futhi ixoxa, ngilindele ukuthi inkathi yesithathu yocwaningo inhlolovo uyophinde lungachazwa ukuxhumana vo nge big idatha imithombo (Table 3.1).

Ukushintshela phakathi nangenkathi yocwaningo inhlolo-vo yesibili neyesithathu akubanga smooth ngokuphelele, futhi sekube mpikiswano abanolaka mayelana nendlela abacwaningi okufanele uqhubeke. Uma ebheka emuva inguqulelo phakathi nangenkathi lokuqala nelesibili, ngicabanga kukhona omunye ukuqondisisa eyinhloko manje: ekuqaleni akusona isiphelo. Okungukuthi, izindlela ekucaleni abaningi sesibili-inkathi babeyizinkulungwane ad-hoc futhi awuzange usebenze kahle kakhulu. Kodwa, ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi onzima, abacwaningi ixazululwe lezi zinkinga, futhi lesibili era lusondela ekugcineni zazizinhle kunalezi lokuqala era kusondela. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi abeyenzile ucingo enamadijithi angu okungahleliwe lokudayela iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba Mitofsky futhi Waksberg athuthukile okungahleliwe enamadijithi angu lokudayela izibonelo zalokho indlela kwadingeka izakhiwo ezinhle esiwusizo futhi ngamazwi (Waksberg 1978; Brick and Tucker 2007) . Ngakho, akufanele ukudida isimo samanje third-era lusondela nemiphumela sako. Umlando yocwaningo inhlolovo kwenza kucace ukuthi lithuthuka insimu, eshukunyiswa izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi. Ayikho indlela ukuyeka ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kunalokho, kufanele siwamukele, kuyilapho nokuqhubeka esondela ukuhlakanipha kusukela esikhathini ngaphambili. Empeleni, ngikholwa ukuthi yobudala digital kuyoba yobudala ijabulisa kakhulu nokho ngokubuza abantu imibuzo.

Ingxenye elandelayo yaleli isahluko uqala bethi big imithombo idatha ngeke ithathe isikhundla survey nokuthi ngokuchichima idatha ukunyuselwa-hhayi kuyancipha-ukubaluleka vo (Isigaba 3.2). Nanjengoba ugqozi, ngizobuya afingqe Imininingwane iphutha inhlolovo uhlaka (Isigaba 3.3) ukuthi yasungulwa ngesikhathi ezimbili nangenkathi lokuqala locwaningo inhlolovo. Lolu hlaka lisenza siqonde izindlela ezintsha ukumelwa-ikakhulukazi, amasampula non-okungenzeka (Isigaba 3.4) -futhi izindlela ezintsha nesilinganiso-ikakhulukazi, izindlela ezintsha kokubuza imibuzo ukuze wabaphenduli (Isigaba 3.5). Ekugcineni, mina ngizobe chaza izifanekiso ezimbili zocwaningo ngokuxhumanisa idatha ucwaningo big idatha imithombo (Isigaba 3.6).