7.2.1 Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-readymades nama-custommades

Isu elihlanzekile elihleliwe noma icebo elihlanzekile lokugcina amasosha lisebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla okwenza idijithali. Esikhathini esizayo sizokwenza ama-hybrids.

Esikhathini esingenisweni, ngaqhathanisa isitayela sokulungiswa sikaMarcel Duchamp ngesitayela sokugcoba sikaMichelangelo. Lokhu kuqhathanisa futhi kubamba umehluko phakathi kocwaningi besayensi, abavame ukusebenzisana nama-readymades, kanye nososayensi bezenhlalakahle, abavame ukusebenzisana namasosha. Esikhathini esizayo, noma kunjalo, ngilindele ukuthi sizobona izinhlamvu eziningi ngoba zonke izindlela ezihlanzekile zilinganiselwe. Abacwaningi abafuna ukusebenzisa ama-readymades kuphela bazobhekana nobunzima ngoba azikho eziningi ama-readymades amahle emhlabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacwaningi abafuna ukusebenzisa amasosha omzimba, bazokhipha isilinganiso. Izindlela ze-hybrid, noma kunjalo, zingahlanganisa isixazululo esiza nama-readymades ngokulingana okunamandla emkhatsini wombuzo kanye nedatha evela emasontweni.

Sibone izibonelo zalezi nzalo kuzo zonke izahluko ezine ezinezici. Esiqenjini sesi-2, sibone ukuthi i-Google Flu Trends ihlangene kanjani nesistimu yedatha enkulu (imibuzo yokusesha) ngesistimu yokulinganisa yendabuko esekelwe (isistimu yokuhlola igciwane le-CDC) ukukhiqiza izilinganiso ezisheshayo (Ginsberg et al. 2009) . Esahlukweni sesi-3, sibone ukuthi uStephen Ansolabehere no-Eitan Hersh (2012) bahlanganisa idatha yocwaningo eyenziwe ngokwenziwe ngedatha ephathekayo yokuphatha uhulumeni ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngezici zabantu abavota ngempela. Esahlukweni 4, sibone ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Opower kuhlangene nengqalasizinda yesilinganiso segesi ngokulungisa ukwelashwa ukutadisha imiphumela yemigomo yomphakathi ekuphatheni kwezigidi zabantu (Allcott 2015) . Ekugcineni, esahlukweni sesi-5, sibone ukuthi uKenneth Benoit kanye nosebenza nabo (2016) basebenzise kanjani inqubo yokuqoqa izixuku ezigciniwe ezigciniwe ezenziwe ngamasofesti okwakulungiswa okwenziwe amaqembu ezombusazwe ukuze kutholakale idatha abacwaningi abangayisebenzisa ukutadisha ukuguqulwa kwezingxabano zenqubomgomo.

Lezi zibonelo ezine konke kubonisa ukuthi isu eliqhamukayo esikhathini esizayo kuyoba ukucebisa imithombo emikhulu yedatha, engadalwa ukucwaninga, ngolwazi olwengeziwe olwenza lufaneleke kakhulu ucwaningo (Groves 2011) . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuqala ngesitokisi noma ukulungiswa, isitayela se-hybrid sinomthelela omkhulu ezinkingeni eziningi zocwaningo.