4.1 Isingeniso

Kulezi zindlela ezifihliwe kuze kube manje kulokhu ukuziphatha kwencwadi (isahluko 2) nokubuza imibuzo (isahluko 3) - abahleli baqoqa idatha ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuhlelekile umhlaba. Indlela esetshenziswe kulesi sahluko-ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo-ihluke ngokuyisisekelo. Lapho abacwaningi beqhuba ukuhlolwa, bafaka isimiso ngendlela ehlelekile emhlabeni ukudala idatha efanelekile ekuphenduleni imibuzo mayelana nobuhlobo obangela imbangela.

Imibuzo yesikhombisi-nethonya ivame kakhulu ekucwaningweni kwezenhlalakahle, futhi izibonelo zifaka imibuzo efana nalokhu: Ingabe ukuhola amaholo omfundisi kuyandisa ukwandisa umfundi? Iyini umphumela womholo omncane emalini omsebenzi? Uhlanga lomfakisicelo lomsebenzi luyithinta kanjani ithuba lokuthola umsebenzi? Ngaphezu kwalezi mibuzo ezicacile, ngezinye izikhathi imibuzo yokubangela kanye neyomphumela iqukethe imibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana nokukhuliswa kwemethrikhi ethile yokusebenza. Isibonelo, umbuzo othi "Iyiphi inkinobho okufanele umnikelo onikelwe yona kwiwebhusayithi ye-NGO?" Iminingi yemibuzo emayelana nomphumela wezinhlobonhlobo zemibhobho yemingcele eminikelo.

Enye indlela yokuphendula imibuzo ebangela imbangela kanye neyomphumela ukubuka amaphethini kwedatha ekhona. Isibonelo, ubuyela embuzweni mayelana nomphumela wemiholo yothisha ekufundeni umfundi, ungase ubale ukuthi abafundi bafunde kabanzi ezikoleni ezinikeza amaholo aphezulu ootitshala. Kodwa, ingabe lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubonisa ukuthi amaholo aphakeme enza ukuba abafundi bafunde kabanzi? Vele akunjalo. Izikole lapho othisha bathola khona zingase zihluke ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, abafundi ezikoleni abanamaholo aphezulu obafundisi bangase bavele emindeni enempilo. Ngakho-ke, lokho okubukeka njengomphumela wabafundisi kungavela ngokuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zabafundi. Umehluko olungenakuqhathaniswa phakathi kwabafundi kuthiwa abadidayo , futhi, ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukuthi abahlukumezi bahlukumeze ikhono labacwaningi lokuphendula imibuzo ebangela imbangela kanye nemiphumela ngokubheka amaphethini kwimininingwane ekhona.

Isixazululo esisodwa senkinga yeziphazamiso ukuzama ukwenza ukufaniswa okuhlelekile nokulungisa ukungafani okubonakalayo phakathi kwamaqembu. Isibonelo, ungase ukwazi ukulanda idatha yerhafu yendawo kusuka ezinkundleni zamawebhusayithi kahulumeni. Khona-ke, ungaqhathanisa ukusebenza kwabafundi ezikoleni lapho izindleko zasekhaya zifana nokho kodwa amaholo omfundisi ahlukile, futhi usengathola ukuthi abafundi bafunda okuningi ezikoleni abanomholo okhokhelwayo othisha. Kodwa kunamanje abaningi abangase badideke. Mhlawumbe abazali balaba bafundi bahluke emazingeni abo emfundo. Noma mhlawumbe izikole ziyahlukahluka eduze nemitapo yolwazi yomphakathi. Noma mhlawumbe izikole ezinomholo ophakeme ootitshala zibuye zithole imali ephakeme kubaphathi, futhi inkokhelo eyinhloko, hhayi inkokhelo yothisha, empeleni yandisa ukufunda kwabafundi. Ungazama ukulinganisa futhi ulungiselele lezi zici futhi, kodwa uhlu lwama-confounder okungenzeka lungapheli. Ezimweni eziningi, awukwazi ukulinganisa futhi ulungiselele zonke izimpikiswano ezingenzeka. Ukuze siphendule le nselele, abacwaningi baye bahlakulela amasu amaningana okwenza izilinganiso ezivela emininingwaneni engeyona-yokuhlola-ngaxoxa ngazo ezinye zazo esahlukweni 2-kodwa, ngezinhlobo ezithile zemibuzo, lezi zindlela zilinganiselwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kunikeza okuthembisayo okunye.

Izivivinyo zenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukudlulisa ngaphezu kwemibono ekudaleni idatha ngokwemvelo ukuze baphendule ngokwethembeka imibuzo ethile ebangela imbangela. Esikhathini sobudala, izivivinyo zazivame ukubonakala zilukhuni futhi zibiza. Manje, eminyakeni yobudijithali, izithiyo zokungena ngemvume kancane kancane ziphela. Akulula kuphela ukwenza ukuhlolwa okunjengalezo ezenziwe esikhathini esidlule, manje kungenzeka ukuqhuba izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlolwa.

Kulokho engikubhalile kuze kube manje ngiye ngahluleka ngolimi lwami, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili: ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okungahleliwe okulawulwa njalo. Ekuhlolweni , umcwaningi ungenelela emhlabeni bese esilinganisa umphumela. Ngizwile le ndlela echazwe ngokuthi "i-perturb futhi iyakubheka." Ngokwevivinyo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe umcwaningi uphendukela kwabanye abantu hhayi kwabanye, futhi umcwaningi unquma ukuthi yiziphi abantu abazithola ukungenelela ngokungahleliwe (isib. Ukuphoqa imali). Ukuhlolwa okulawulwe ngokungahleliwe kwenza ukuqhathaniswa okulinganayo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili: owamukele ukungenelela futhi okungazange kube khona. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlola okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe kuyisisombululo sezinkinga zabaphikisi. I-Perturb-futhi-ihlola izivivinyo, noma kunjalo, zibandakanya iqembu elilodwa eliye lafumana ukungenelela, ngakho-ke imiphumela ingaholela abacwaningi ekuphethweni okungalungile (njengoba ngizobonisa maduzane). Naphezu kokungafani okubalulekile phakathi kokuhlolwa nokuhlola okungahleliwe okuhleliwe, abacwaningi bezenhlalakahle bavame ukusebenzisa le migomo ngokungafani. Ngizolandela lo mhlangano, kodwa, ngamaphuzu athile, ngizophula umhlangano ukuze ngigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe phezu kokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokungahleliwe kanye neqembu lokulawula.

Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe kuboniswe ukuthi kuyindlela enamandla yokufunda ngezwe lomphakathi, futhi kulesi sahluko, ngizokukhombisa kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ocwaningweni lwakho. Esigabeni 4.2, ngizobe ngifaka uphawu oluyisisekelo lokuhlolwa ngesibonelo sokuhlola ku-Wikipedia. Khona-ke, esigabeni 4.3, ngizochaza umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu kanye nokwahlukana phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-analog nokuhlolwa kwedijithali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngizophikisana ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ye-digital kunganikeza izici ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi we-analog (ukulawula okuqinile) nokuhlolwa kwe-analog field (ngokoqobo), konke esikalini esingenakwenzeka ngaphambili. Okulandelayo, kusigaba 4.4, ngizochaza izinto ezintathu-ukuqinisekiswa, ukuphazamiseka kwemiphumela yokwelapha, nezinqubo-ezibalulekile ekudaleni ukuhlolwa okucebile. Ngalesi sizinda, ngizochaza ukuhweba okubandakanyekayo kumaqhinga amabili asemqoka okuqhuba ukuhlola okuyidijithali: ukwenza ngokwakho noma ukusebenzisana nabanamandla. Ekugcineni, ngizophetha ngeseluleko esithile sokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amandla angempela okuhlolwa kwe-digital (isigaba 4.6.1) futhi uchaze omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nalawo mandla (isigaba 4.6.2).