Isandulela

Le ncwadi yaqala ngo-2005 esiteshini esingaphansi kwe-Columbia University. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangingumfundi ophothule iziqu, futhi ngangiqhuba isilingo esivela ku-intanethi esizobe sesigcwalisa. Ngizokutshela zonke izingxenye zesayense zalokhu kuhlola esahlukweni 4, kodwa manje ngizokutshela ngento engekho engxenyeni yami noma kunoma yimaphi amaphepha ami. Futhi into eyashintsha ngokujulile indlela engicabanga ngayo ngocwaningo. Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, lapho ngingena ehhovisi lami elingaphansi, ngathola ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-100 abavela eBrazil babambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwami. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okulula kwasithinta kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, nganginabangane ababeqhuba ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi wendabuko, futhi ngangazi ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani ukusebenza ukuze baqashe, baqondise futhi bakhokhe abantu ukuba bahlanganyele kulezi zivivinyo; uma bekwazi ukugijima abantu abangu-10 ngosuku olulodwa, lokho kwakuyi-intuthuko enhle. Noma kunjalo, ngokuhlolwa kwami ​​kwe-intanethi, abantu abangu-100 bahlanganyele ngenkathi ngilale . Ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho ngenkathi ulele kungase kuzwakale kuhle kakhulu ukuba kungabi yiqiniso, kodwa akunjalo. Izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe-ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kusuka eminyakeni yobudala kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yobudala bokuthi manje singakwazi ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yomphakathi ngezindlela ezintsha. Le ncwadi iphathelene nokwenza ucwaningo lwezenhlalo ngalezi zindlela ezintsha.

Le ncwadi yenzelwa ososayensi bezenhlalakahle abafuna ukwenza olunye ulwazi lwesayensi, ososayensi bedatha abafuna ukwenza isayensi yezenhlalakahle, nanoma ubani onentshisekelo ku-hybrid yalezi zinsimu ezimbili. Njengoba kunikezwe le ncwadi, kufanele kuhambe ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi akuyona nje abafundi nabaprofesa. Yize, manje ngisebenza eyunivesithi (Princeton), ngisebenze nohulumeni (e-US Census Bureau) nakumkhakha wezobuchwepheshe (eMicrosoft Research) ngakho ngiyazi ukuthi kuningi lokucwaninga okuthakazelisayo okwenzeka ngaphandle amanyuvesi. Uma ucabanga ngalokho okwenzayo njengokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle, le ncwadi yilabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza kuphi noma ngabe yiziphi izinhlobo zamasu okwamanje ozisebenzisayo.

Njengoba kungenzeka usuqaphele kakade, ithoni yale ncwadi ihluke kakhulu nakwezinye izincwadi eziningi zemfundo. Lokho kungenhloso. Leli bhuku livela esikhungweni sokuqeda iziqu kwi-social science science engiye ngafundisa ePrinceton eMnyangweni Wezenhlalakahle kusukela ngo-2007, futhi ngingathanda ukuba athathe amanye amandla nokujabula kulowo mbuthano. Ngokuyinhloko, ngifuna le ncwadi ibe nezici ezintathu: Ngifuna ukuthi ibe usizo, i-oriented-oriented, kanye nethemba.

Okuwusizo : Umgomo wami ukubhala incwadi ewusizo kuwe. Ngakho-ke, ngizobhalela esitokisini esivulwe, esingahlelekile, nesibonelo esinezibonelo. Kungenxa yokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu engifuna ukuyidlulisela yindlela ethile yokucabanga ngokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle. Futhi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​kusikisela ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokudlulisela le ndlela yokucabanga ingakahleleki futhi inezibonelo eziningi. Futhi, ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye, nginezigaba ezibizwa ngokuthi "Yini okufanele ufunde ngokulandelayo" ezokusiza ukuba uguqule ube nokufundwa okuningiliziwe nokufundela ngezihloko eziningi engiziveza. Ekugcineni, ngithemba le ncwadi izokusiza bobabili ukucwaninga nokuhlola ucwaningo lwabanye.

Ikusasa ngamakhasimende: Le ncwadi izokusiza ukuba wenze ucwaningo zenhlalo besebenzisa izinhlelo digital ezikhona namuhla futhi lezo izokwakhiwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngaqala ukwenza lolu hlobo locwaningo ngo-2004, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngiye ngabona izinguquko eziningi, futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi phakathi nemisebenzi yakho uzobona izinguquko eziningi futhi. Iqhinga lokuhlala elifanele ebusweni bezinguquko liyabanjwa . Isibonelo, lokhu ngeke kube yincwadi efundisa kahle ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-Twitter API njengoba ikhona namuhla; Kunalokho, kuzokufundisa ukuthi ungafunda kanjani kumithombo emikhulu yedatha (isahluko 2). Lokhu ngeke kube yincwadi ekunika imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokusebenza okuhlolwa ku-Amazon Mechanical Turk; Kunalokho, kuzokufundisa indlela yokuklama nokuhumusha izivivinyo ezithembela kwingqalasizinda yesikhathi sedatha (isahluko 4). Ngokusebenzisa ukukhipha, ngithemba ukuthi lokhu kuyoba yincwadi engaphelelwa yisikhathi ngesihloko esifike ngesikhathi.

Okuhle : Imiphakathi emibili le ncwadi eyenza-ososayensi bezenhlalo kanye nososayensi bezniningwane-banezizinda nezithakazelo ezihlukene kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu umehluko ohlobene nesayensi, engikhuluma ngakho encwadini, ngiye ngaphawula ukuthi le miiphakathi emibili inezitayela ezahlukene. Ochwepheshe bezintambo ngokuvamile bajabule; bavame ukubona ingilazi igcwele isigamu. Ososayensi bezenhlalakahle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile babaluleke kakhulu; bathambekele ukubona ingilazi njengenxenye engenalutho. Kule ncwadi, ngizokwamukela ithoni enethemba lomsayense wedatha. Ngakho-ke, lapho nginikeza izibonelo, ngizokutshela lokho engikuthandayo ngalezi zibonelo. Futhi, uma ngibonisa izinkinga ngezibonelo-futhi ngizokwenza lokho ngoba akukho cwaningo oluphelele-ngizozama ukuveza lezi zinkinga ngendlela enhle futhi enethemba. Angizobe ngigxeka ngenxa yokugxeka-ngizobe ngigxile ukuze ngikusize udale ucwaningo olungcono.

Sisezinsukwini zokuqala zocwaningo lwezenhlalakahle eminyakeni yobudala, kepha ngiye ngabona ukungaqondi kahle okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kunengqondo ukuthi ngiwabheke lapha, esanduleleni. Kusuka ososayensi bezedatha, ngibone ukungezwani okubili okujwayelekile. Owokuqala ucabanga ukuthi idatha eyengeziwe ixazulula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkinga. Nokho, ukucwaninga kwezenhlalo, lokho akuzange kube nakho kwami. Eqinisweni, ukucwaninga kwezenhlalo, idatha engcono-ngokuphambene nedatha eyengeziwe-ibonakala iyasiza kakhulu. Ukungaqondi kahle okwesibili engikubonile kusukela ososayensi bezingcingo kucabanga ukuthi isayensi yezenhlalakahle ingumhlangano omkhulu wezinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganiswe nengqondo ejwayelekile. Yiqiniso, njengososayensi wezenhlalakahle-ikakhulukazi njengomuntu wezenhlalo-angivumelani nalokho. Abantu abahlakaniphile bebelokhu besebenza kanzima ukuqonda ukuziphatha komuntu isikhathi eside, futhi kubonakala kungenangqondo ukungazinaki ukuhlakanipha okwenziwe kulo mzamo. Ithemba lami ukuthi le ncwadi izokunikeza okunye kwalokhu kuhlakanipha ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.

Kusuka ososayensi bezenhlalakahle, ngiye ngabona ukungezwani okubili okuvamile. Okokuqala, ngibonile abanye abantu bebheka yonke imibono yokucwaninga kwezenhlalo ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi we-digital age ngenxa yamaphepha ambalwa amabi. Uma ufunda le ncwadi, cishe usuvele ufunde iqoqo lamaphepha asebenzisa idatha yemidiya yomphakathi ngezindlela ezivinjelwe noma ezingalungile (noma kokubili). Nginakho futhi. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yiphutha elikhulu ukuphetha ngalezi zibonelo ukuthi yonke ucwaningo lwezenhlalakahle zomphakathi lubi. Eqinisweni, cishe ufunde neqembu lamaphepha asebenzisa idatha yocwaningo ngezindlela ezivinjelwe noma ezingalungile, kodwa awubhala yonke ucwaningo usebenzisa izinhlolovo. Kungenxa yokuthi uyazi ukuthi kukhona ucwaningo olukhulu olwenziwe ngemininingwane yokuhlola, futhi kule ncwadi ngizokukhombisa ukuthi kukhona nokucwaninga okukhulu okwenziwe ngamathuluzi e-digital age.

Ukungaqondani okwesibini okujwayelekile engikubonayo kusuka ososayensi bezenhlalakahle ukuphazamisa okwamanje nekusasa. Uma sihlola ucwaningo lwezenhlalo eminyakeni yobudala-ucwaningo engizolichaza-kubalulekile ukuthi sibuze imibuzo emibili ehlukile: "Lesi sitayela sokucwaninga sisebenza kanjani njengamanje?" Futhi "Lesi sitayela sizoba kahle kangakanani? umsebenzi wokucwaninga esikhathini esizayo? "Abacwaningi baqeqeshelwe ukuphendula umbuzo wokuqala, kodwa kule ncwadi ngicabanga ukuthi umbuzo wesibili ubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungukuthi, nakuba ucwaningo lwezenhlalakahle eminyakeni yobudijithali alukakhiqiza iminikelo enkulu yomqondo, i-paradigm-change, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwe-digital-age ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuyinto lokhu kwesilinganiso soshintsho-ngaphezulu kunezinga lamanje-okwenza ucwaningo lwe-digital age lujabulise kimi.

Ngisho noma lesi sigigaba sokugcina singase sibonakale sinikeza ingcebo engase ibe khona ngesikhathi esingaziwa esikhathini esizayo, umgomo wami akukuthi ukuthengisa wena kunoma yiluphi uhlobo locwaningo. Anginawo amasheya ku-Twitter, i-Facebook, i-Google, iMicrosoft, i-Apple, noma enye inkampani yezobuchwepheshe (nakuba, ngenxa yokudalulwa okugcwele, kufanele ngitshele ukuthi ngisebenze, noma ngithole imali yocwaningo kusuka ku-Microsoft, Google, ne-Facebook). Ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke le ncwadi, umgomo wami ukuhlala umlandisi othembekile, ukutshela zonke izinto ezintsha ezithakazelisayo ezingenzeka, ngenkathi zikuhola kude nezicupho ezimbalwa engibonile abanye bewela (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziwela kimi) .

I-intersection yezesayensi yezenhlalakahle kanye nesayensi ye-data ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-computational science science. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkampani yobuchwepheshe, kodwa lokhu ngeke kube yincwadi yobuchwepheshe kumqondo wendabuko. Isibonelo, awekho ama-equations kumbhalo oyinhloko. Ngakhetha ukubhala le ncwadi ngale ndlela ngoba ngifuna ukunikeza umbono ophelele wocwaningo lwezenhlalakahle eminyakeni yobudala, kufaka phakathi imithombo emikhulu yedatha, ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa, ukubambisana okukhulu, nokuziphatha. Kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka ukumboza zonke lezi zihloko futhi unikeze imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ngalunye. Esikhundleni salokho, iziphakamiso ezengeziwe zobuchwepheshe zinikwa "Isifundo sokufunda okulandelayo" ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye. Ngamanye amazwi, le ncwadi ayiklanyelwe ukukufundisa indlela yokwenza noma yikuphi ukubalwa okuqondile; Kunalokho, yenzelwe ukushintsha indlela ocabanga ngayo ngokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle.

Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi esikoleni

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, le ncwadi yaba yingxenye yochungechunge lokuqeqesha ekufundiseni isayensi yezenhlalakahle engangiyifundisa kusukela ngo-2007 ePrinceton. Njengoba kungenzeka ucabanga ngokusebenzisa le ncwadi ukuze ufundise inkambo, ngacabanga ukuthi kungangisiza ukuba ngichaze indlela okwakhula ngayo esikoleni sami nokuthi ngicabanga kanjani ukuthi isetshenziswa kwezinye izifundo.

Kwaphela iminyaka embalwa ngifundisa inkambo yami ngaphandle kwencwadi; Ngizokwabela nje ukuqoqwa kwezihloko. Ngenkathi abafundi bekwazi ukufunda kulezi zihloko, lezi zihloko zodwa azizange ziholele ekuguqulweni kwemicabango engangiyethemba ukuyidala. Ngakho-ke ngingachitha isikhathi esiningi ekilasini nginikeza umbono, umongo, neseluleko ukuze usize abafundi babone isithombe esikhulu. Le ncwadi umzamo wami wokubhala phansi konke lokho okubhekayo, umongo, kanye nezeluleko ngendlela engenayo imfuneko-ngokuya kwesayensi yesayensi noma isayensi yolwazi.

Esikhathini semester-eside, ngingahle ngincoma ukuhlanganisa le ncwadi ngezifundo ezihlukahlukene zokufunda. Isibonelo, inkambo enjalo ingase idlule amasonto amabili ekuhlolweni, futhi ungaqhathanisa isahluko 4 ngokufunda ngezihloko ezinjengendima yolwazi lwe-pre-treatment ekwakheni nasekuhlaziyweni kokuhlolwa; izingqinamba nezibalo zekhompyutha eziphakanyiswe izivivinyo ezinkulu ze-A / B ezinkampanini; ukuklama kokuhlolwa okugxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni; kanye nezindaba ezisebenzayo, zesayensi, nezokuziphatha ezihlobene nokusebenzisa abahlanganyeli ezivela ezimakethe zomsebenzi ezise-intanethi, njenge-Amazon Mechanical Turk. Kungabuye kubhaniswe nokufundwa nemisebenzi ehlobene nokuhlelwa. Ukuzikhethela okufanelekile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezibonakalayo kuncike kubafundi eklasini lakho (isb., I-undergraduate, master's, noma i-PhD), izizinda zabo, nemigomo yabo.

Inkambo ye-semester-ubude ingafaka futhi isethi yenkinga yamasonto onke. Isahluko ngasinye sinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebhalwe ngezinga lobubunzima: kulula ( ), medium ( ), kanzima ( ), futhi kunzima kakhulu ( ). Futhi, ngibhale inkinga ngayinye ngamakhono adinga: izibalo ( ), ukufaka ikhodi ( ), kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha ( ). Ekugcineni, ngibhale imisebenzi embalwa engintandokazi yami siqu ( ). Ngithemba ukuthi ngaphakathi kwalolu qoqo lwemisebenzi ehlukene, uzothola okunye okufanele abafundi bakho.

Ukuze usize abantu abasebenzisa le ncwadi ngezifundo, ngiqalile iqoqo lemishini yokufundisa njengama-syllabus, ama-slides, ama-pairings anconyelwe isahluko ngasinye, nezixazululo zeminye imisebenzi. Ungathola lezi zinto-futhi ubanikeze kubo-ku-http: //www.bitbybitbook.com.