2.5 Isiphetho
Imithombo emikhulu yedatha ikhona yonke indawo, kodwa ukuyisebenzisa ukucwaninga kwezenhlalo kungaba yinto ekhohlisayo. Ekuhlangenwe nakho kwami, kukhona into efana nomthetho othi "awukho ukudla kwasemini" wedatha: uma ungafaki umsebenzi omningi ukuwuqoqa, khona-ke uzodingeka ubeke umsebenzi omningi ucabange ngawo futhi ukuhlaziya.
Imithombo emikhulu yedatha yanamuhla-futhi mhlawumbe kusasa-izothatha izici ezingu-10. Amathathu kulawa ngokuvamile (kepha hhayi njalo) ayasiza ekucwaningweni: big, njalo-njalo, futhi angasebenzi. Okuyisishiyagalombili ngokuvamile (kodwa hhayi njalo) enenkinga yokucwaninga: engaphelele, engenakufinyeleleka, engabonakali, ukukhukhumeza, ukuqondisa ngokuhlelekile, ukungcola, nokuzwela. Eziningi zalezi zici zivela ekugcineni ngoba imithombo emikhulu yedatha ayidalwanga ngenhloso yokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle.
Ngokusekelwe emibono esesahlukweni, ngicabanga ukuthi kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ukuthi imithombo emikhulu yedatha izobaluleka kakhulu ekucwaningweni kwezenhlalakahle. Okokuqala, angenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukunquma phakathi kokubikezela kwemibono okuncintisana. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lomsebenzi zihlanganisa Farber (2015) (abashayeli bamatekisi aseNew York) King, Pan, and Roberts (2013) (ukucwaninga eChina). Okwesibili, imithombo emikhulu yedatha ingakwazi ukukala ukulinganiswa okuthuthukisiwe kwenqubomgomo ngokusebenzisa ukusakaza manje. Isibonelo salolu hlobo lomsebenzi Ginsberg et al. (2009) (Amathrendi we-Google Flu). Okokugcina, imithombo emikhulu yedatha ingasiza abacwaningi ukuba benze izilinganiso ze-causal ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izivivinyo. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lomsebenzi Mas and Moretti (2009) (imiphumela yontanga ekukhiqizeni) no- Einav et al. (2015) (umphumela wemali yokuqala kudayini e-eBay). Nokho, ngayinye yalezi zindlela, zivame ukuba zidinga abacwaningi ukuba balethe okuningi idatha, njengencazelo yobuningi obubalulekile ukulinganisa noma imibono emibili eyenza ukubikezela okuncintisanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokucabangela ukuthi imithombo enkulu yedatha ingayenza ukuthi ingasiza abacwaningi abangabuza imibuzo ezithakazelisayo nezibalulekile.
Ngaphambi kokuphetha, ngicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi imithombo emikhulu yedatha ingaba nethonya elibalulekile ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwedatha nencazelo. Kuze kube manje, lesi sahluko sithathe indlela yokucwaninga ngomqondo oqhutshwa yi-theory. Kodwa imithombo emikhulu yedatha iphinde inike amandla abacwaningi ukuba baqhubekele phambili ekufundiseni ngemimoya . Okusho ukuthi, ngokuqoqwa ngokucophelela kwamaphuzu amasha, amaphethini, namapuzzli, abacwaningi bangakha imibono emisha. Lokhu okunye, indlela yokuqala yedatha yombono akuyona into entsha, futhi ibhekwa kakhulu yiBarney Glaser no-Anselm Strauss (1967) kanye nekholi yabo yombono oqinile . Le ndlela yokuqala yedatha, noma kunjalo, ayisho ukuthi "ukuphela kwengqikithi," njengoba kuye kwafunwa kwezinye zezincwadi ezungeze ucwaningo eminyakeni yobudala (Anderson 2008) . Kunalokho, njengoba isimo semvelo sishintsha, kufanele silindele ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kobudlelwano phakathi kwedatha nencazelo. Ezweni lapho ukuqoqwa kwedatha kwakubiza khona, kwakungenangqondo ukuqoqa kuphela idatha ukuthi imibono iphakamisa kuyoba yusizo kakhulu. Kodwa, ezweni lapho idatha enkulu kakhulu isivele itholakale mahhala, kunengqondo ukuzama futhi indlela yokuqala (Goldberg 2015) .
Njengoba ngibonisile kulesi sahluko, abacwaningi bangafunda okuningi ngokubuka abantu. Ezahlukweni ezintathu ezilandelayo, ngizochaza ukuthi singafunda kanjani izinto eziningi futhi ezihlukile uma sihlela ukuqoqwa kwedatha yethu futhi sixhumana nabantu ngokuzibuza imibuzo (isahluko 3), sisebenzisa izivivinyo (isahluko 4), futhi sibandakanye ohlelweni lokucwaninga ngokuqondile (isahluko 5).
