2.3.10
Olunye ulwazi ukuthi izinkampani kanye nohulumeni babe kuyinto ebucayi.
Izinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo zinolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo olutholwa amakhasimende abo. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziselwa ucwaningo olubalulekile ngempilo, kodwa uma luba ngumphakathi, lungase luholele ekulimazeni ngokomzwelo (isib., Ukuhlazeka) noma ukulimala komnotho (isib. Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi). Iminye imithombo eminingi yedatha enkulu nayo inolwazi olubucayi , okuyingxenye yesizathu sokuthi kungani bengatholakali.
Ngeshwa, kubonakala kunengqondo ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olubucayi ngempela (Ohm 2015) , njengoba kuboniswe umklomelo we-Netflix. Njengoba ngizochaza esahlukweni 5, ngo-2006 iNetflix ikhishwe izilinganiso ze-movie eziyizigidi ezingu-100 ezihlinzekwa ngamalunga angaba ngu-500,000 futhi zivulekile lapho abantu bevela emhlabeni wonke behambisa khona izimo zokulungiswa ezingathuthukisa ikhono le-Netflix lokuncoma ama-movie. Ngaphambi kokukhulula idatha, i-Netflix isuse noma yiluphi ulwazi olubonakalayo olubonakalayo, njengamagama. Kodwa, ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwedatha, u-Arvind Narayanan noVitaly Shmatikov (2008) babonisa ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuthi bafunde ngezilinganiso ze-movie zabantu abathile besebenzisa inkohliso engizokubonisa esahlukweni 6. Nakuba umhlaseli angathola ukulinganiswa kwe-movie yomuntu, kusabonakala sengathi akukho lutho oluzwelayo lapha. Nakuba lokho kungase kuqiniswe ngokujwayelekile, okungenani abanye abantu abangu-500,000 kudathasethi, ukulinganisa kwe-movie kuzwela. Eqinisweni, ekuphenduleni ukukhululwa nokuphinde kubonakale kwedatha, owesifazane osondelene naye wesifazane ohlangene naye ujoyine isitifiketi-isenzo ngokumelene ne-Netflix. Nansi ukuthi inkinga iboniswe kanjani kulolu cala (Singel 2009) :
"I-M] ovie nedatha yokulinganisa iqukethe ulwazi lwe ... uhlobo lomuntu siqu nobucayi kakhulu. Idatha ye-movie yelungu idalule intshisekelo yomuntu siqu kaNetflix kanye / noma ihlushwa ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zomuntu siqu, kubandakanya ukuziphatha ngokocansi, ukugula kwengqondo, ukuphumula kokudakwa ngokweqile, nokuhlukunyezwa okuvela emndenini, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ubudlova basekhaya, ukuphinga nokudlwengula. "
Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi kungaba nolwazi ukuthi abanye abantu bacabangela ukuzwela ngaphakathi kwalokho okubonakala kungabonakaliso beninstall. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonisa ukuthi ukuvikela okuyinhloko abacwaningi abaqashile ukuvikela idatha ebucayi-de-identification-bangaphumeleka ngezindlela ezimangalisayo. Le mibono emibili ithuthukiswe ngokuningiliziwe esahlukweni 6.
Into yokugcina ukukhumbula ngedatha ebucayi ukuthi ukuqoqa ngaphandle kwemvume yabantu kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha, ngisho noma kungabangwa umonakalo oqondile. Ngokufana nokubuka umuntu ogeza ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe kungase kubhekwe njengokuphula umthetho wobumfihlo bakhe, ukuqoqa ulwazi olubucayi-futhi khumbula ukuthi kungaba nzima kangakanani ukunquma ukuthi yini ebucayi-ngaphandle kwemvume kubangela ukukhathazeka okungenzeka kube yimfihlo. Ngizobuya emibuthanweni emayelana nobumfihlo esahlukweni 6.
Ekuphetheni, imithombo emikhulu yedatha, njengamarekhodi kahulumeni nokuphatha ibhizinisi, ngokuvamile ayidalwanga ngenjongo yokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle. Imithombo emikhulu yedatha yanamuhla, futhi mhlawumbe kusasa, ijwayele ukuba nezici ezingu-10. Izakhiwo eziningi ezivame ukucatshangelwa ukuthi zizocwaninga-ezinkulu, njalo, futhi ezingasebenzi-zivela eqinisweni ezinkampanini zeminyaka yobudala kanye nohulumeni bakwazi ukuqoqa idatha esikalini esingenakwenzeka ngaphambilini. Futhi eziningi zezinto ezivame ukubhekwa njengezingalungele ukucwaninga-ezingaphelele, ezingenakutholakala, ezingabonakali, ezikhukhumezayo, ezihlelekile, ezingenakufinyeleleka, ezingcolile, nezokukhathazeka-zivela ekutheni lezi datha azizange ziqoqwe ngabacwaningi abacwaningi. Kuze kube manje, ngikhulume ngemininingwane kahulumeni kanye nebhizinisi ndawonye, kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalababili. Esihlangenweni sami, idatha kahulumeni ivame ukuba ngummeleli omncane, ukungahlehlisi kahle kwe-algorithmically, nokunciphisa kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amarekhodi okuphatha amabhizinisi avame ukuba njalo njalo. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyishumi ezijwayelekile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo ekufundeni kusuka kumithombo emikhulu yedatha. Futhi manje siphenduka amasu okucwaninga esingayisebenzisa nale datha.
