2.3.7 Ukushayela
Ukuqhuma kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokwehlisa uhlelo kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa imithombo emikhulu yedatha ukutadisha izitayela zesikhathi eside.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zemithombo eminingi yedatha enkulu ukuthi iqoqa idatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ososayensi bezenhlalakahle babiza lolu hlobo lwedatha yolwazi olude isikhathi eside . Futhi, ngokwemvelo, idatha ye-longitudinal ibaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni ushintsho. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintsha ushintsho, noma kunjalo, uhlelo lwesilinganiso ngokwazo kufanele luzinze. Emazwini omphakathi wezenhlalo Otis Dudley Duncan, "uma ufuna ukukala ushintsho, ungashintshi isilinganiso" (Fischer 2011) .
Ngeshwa, izinhlelo eziningi ezinkulu ze-data-ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zebhizinisi-ziyashintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi, inqubo engizoyibiza ngokuthi i- drift . Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zinhlelo zishintsha ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuqhutshwa kwesibalo sabantu (ukuguqula ukuthi ngubani owasebenzisa), ukushayela ukuziphatha (ushintshe indlela abantu abayisebenzisa ngayo), nokuguqula uhlelo (ushintsho ohlelweni ngokwalo). Imithombo emithathu yokudonsa kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi iphethini emthonjeni omkhulu wedatha ingabangelwa ushintsho olubalulekile emhlabeni, noma kungabangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokudonsa.
Umthombo wokuqala wokudonsa-ukuhamba kwabantu-kubangelwa izinguquko kulabo abasebenzisa uhlelo, futhi lezi zinguquko zingenzeka kuzo zombili izikhathi ezincane nezinde. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi ukhetho lukaMengameli we-US luka-2012 inani lama-tweets mayelana nezombangazwe abhalwe ngabesifazane beshintshashintsha usuku nosuku (Diaz et al. 2016) . Ngakho-ke, lokho okungase kubonakale sengathi kuyishintsha emoyeni we-Twitter kungase kube ushintsho kulabo abakhuluma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zishintshana zesikhashana, kuye kwaba nomthelela wesikhathi eside wezinhlangano ezithile zabantu abamukela nokushiya i-Twitter.
Ngaphezu kokushintshwa kokusebenzisa uhlelo, kunezinguquko nokuthi isistimu isetshenziselwa kanjani, engiyisho ukushayela kokuziphatha. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sika-2013 Occupy Gezi imibhikisho eTurkey, ababhikishi bashintshe ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwama-hashtag njengoba ukuvota kuvela. Nansi indlela uZeynep Tufekci (2014) echaza ngayo ukuziphatha kokuziphatha, okwakwazi ukubona ngoba wayebuka ukuziphatha ku-Twitter nangomuntu:
"Okwakwenzekile kwaba ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho umbhikisho waba indaba evelele, izinamba eziningi zabantu ... bayeka ukusebenzisa ama-hashtag ngaphandle kokuthi baqaphele into entsha ... Nakuba imibhikisho yaqhubeka, futhi yaqina, ama-hashtag ashona. Izingxoxo ziveze izizathu ezimbili zalokhu. Okokuqala, uma wonke umuntu eyazi lesi sihloko, i-hashtag yayisiyinto engafanele futhi ichitheka kumgqa olinganiselwe we-Twitter. Okwesibili, ama-hashtag abonakala nje ewusizo ekunakekeleni isihloko esithile, hhayi ngokukhuluma ngakho. "
Ngakho, abacwaningi ababefundelwa imibhikisho ngokuhlaziya Tweets ngama-hashtag ahlobene umbhikisho-kwakuyodingeka abe nombono ophambene okwakwenzeka ngenxa yalesi drift yokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase bakholelwa ukuthi ingxoxo yombhikisho bancipha eside ngaphambi kokuba empeleni bancipha.
Uhlobo lwesithathu lokudonsa luhlelo lokudonsa. Kulokhu, akubona abantu abashintshayo noma ukuziphatha kwabo kushintsha, kodwa uhlelo luyashintsha. Isibonelo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-Facebook iye yandisa umkhawulo ngobude bokubuyekezwa kwesimo. Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isifundo se-longitudinal sokubuyekezwa kwesimo sizobe sengozini emisebenzini yezinto ezenziwe ngenxa yalolu shintsho. Ukuqhutshwa kwesistimu kuhlobene eduze nenkinga ebizwa ngokuthi i-algorithmic confounding, engizoyihlanganisa esigabeni 2.3.8.
Ukuphetha, imithombo eminingi yedatha enkulu idonsela phambili ngenxa yezinguquko kulabo abazisebenzisayo, ukuthi zisetshenziselwa kanjani, nokuthi amasistimu asebenza kanjani. Lezi zinsuku zenguquko ngezinye izikhathi imibuzo yocwaningo elithakazelisayo, kodwa lezi zinguquko ziphoqa ikhono lemithombo emikhulu yedatha ukulandelela izinguquko zesikhathi eside ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
