2.3.9 engcolile

Imithombo idatha Big lingalayishwa nge okungenamsoco spam.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imithombo emikhulu yedatha, ikakhulukazi imithombo e-intanethi, iyinto eqondile ngoba iqoqwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Eqinisweni, abantu abaye basebenza ngemithombo emikhulu yedatha bayazi ukuthi bahlale bengcolile . Okungukuthi, bavame ukufaka idatha engabonakali izenzo zangempela ezithakazelisayo kubacwaningi. Iningi ososayensi bezenhlalakahle selijwayele inqubo yokuhlanza idatha enkulu yokuhlola umphakathi, kodwa ukuhlanza imithombo emikhulu yedatha kubonakala kunzima kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi umthombo omkhulu wale nkinga yukuthi eziningi zalezi zimithombo ezinkulu zedatha azizange zenzelwe ukusetshenziselwa ucwaningo, ngakho-ke aziqoqiwe, zigcinwe futhi zibhalwe ngendlela ewenza ukuhlanzwa kwedatha.

Izingozi zedatha ye-digital trace engcolile zikhonjiswa yi-Back and colleagues ' (2010) isifundo sokuphendula ngokomzwelo ekuhlaselweni kukaSeptemba 11, 2001, engakusho ngasese ekuqaleni kwesahluko. Abacwaningi bavame ukutadisha impendulo ezenzakalweni ezibuhlungu besebenzisa idatha ephindaphindiwe eqoqwe ngaphezu kwezinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. Kodwa, Emuva nakwabambisene nabo bathola umthombo ohlala njalo wemifula yedijithali-i-timestamped, imilayezo eqoshiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo esuka kuma-pageri angu-85,000 aseMelika-futhi lokhu kwabenza bakwazi ukutadisha impendulo yomzwelo ngezikhathi ezihle kakhulu. Bakha umzuzu wesikhathi somzwelo womzwelo ka-Septhemba 11 ngokubhala okuqukethwe komzwelo wemilayezo ye-pager ngephesenti lamagama ahlobene (1) nokudabuka (isib. "Ukulila" no "usizi"), (2) ukukhathazeka ( isib, "ukhathazekile" futhi "ukwesaba"), futhi (3) nentukuthelo (isb., "ukuzondayo" nokuthi "ukugxeka"). Bathola ukuthi ukudabuka nokukhathazeka kwashintsha usuku lonke ngaphandle kwephethini eqinile, kodwa ukuthi kwakunyuke kakhulu intukuthelo kulo lonke usuku. Lolu cwaningo lubonakala luyimifanekiso emangalisayo yamandla okuhlala emithonjeni yedatha: uma imithombo yedatha yendabuko isetshenzisiwe, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola umzila wesikhathi esiphezulu wokuxazulula impendulo esheshayo kumcimbi ongalindelekile.

Ngemva konyaka owodwa, uCynthia Pury (2011) wabheka idatha ngokucophelela. Wathola ukuthi inqwaba yemilayezo ecatshangelwayo evuthayo yenziwa ngumshini owodwa wokugudluza futhi bonke babefana. Nakhu okushiwo yizo zithi:

"Umshini kabusha NT [igama] e iKhabhinethi [igama] kokuthi [indawo]: EZINZIMA: [usuku nesikhathi]"

Le milayezo ibhalwe ngokuthukuthela ngoba ifaka igama elithi "OKUQHELEKILE," okungase kubonise intukuthelo kodwa kulokhu akusho. Ukukhipha imilayezo eyakhiwe yi-pager eyodwa esheshayo iqede ngokuphelele ukwanda okubonakalayo kwentukuthelo phakathi nenkathi yosuku (isibalo 2.4). Ngamanye amazwi, umphumela oyinhloko ku- Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) wawuyi-artifact ye-pager eyodwa. Njengoba lesi sibonelo sibonisa, ukuhlaziywa okulula okutholakala kwedatha okunzima kakhulu futhi ehlukumezayo kunakho okungahambi kahle kakhulu.

Umdwebo 2.4: Izindlela (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010, 2011; Pury 2011) ngo-September 11, 2001 ezisekelwe kuma-pageri angu-85,000 aseMelika (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010, 2011; Pury 2011) . Ekuqaleni, Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) babika iphethini Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) usuku lonke. Kodwa-ke, iningi lala miyalezo ebonakalayo intukuthelo yenziwa ngumshini owodwa okhishwa umyalezo olandelayo: "Qala kabusha umshini we-NT [igama] kuKhabhinethi [igama] endaweni [indawo]: OKUKHULU: [usuku nesikhathi]". Njengoba lo mlayezo ususiwe, ukunyuka okubonakalayo kwentukuthelo kuyanyamalala (Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Ishintshwe kusuka ku- Pury (2011) , isibalo 1b.

Ngenkathi idatha engcolile edalwe ngokungenhloso-njengaleyo evela kwelinye ipulazi elimnandi-lingatholwa ngumcwaningi ocophelelayo, kunezinye izinhlelo ze-intanethi eziheha abagaxekile ngokuzithandela. Laba spammers benza ngenkuthalo idatha ekhohlisayo, futhi-ngokuvamile ekhuthazwa yinzuzo-basebenze kanzima ukugcina ukugaxekile kwabo kufihliwe. Isibonelo, umsebenzi wezombusazwe ku-Twitter kubonakala sengathi uhlanganisa okungenani ugaxekile olunengqondo, lapho ezinye izimbangela zezombusazwe zenziwe ngenhloso (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) ethandwa kakhulu kunabo (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) . Ngeshwa, ukususa logaxekile ngamabomu kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Yiqiniso ukuthi yini ebhekwa njengento engcolile ingathembela, ngokwengxenye, kumbuzo wocwaningo. Isibonelo, eziningi ezihlela ku-Wikipedia zidalwa yi-bots ezenzakalelayo (Geiger 2014) . Uma unesithakazelo emvelweni we-Wikipedia, khona-ke lokhu kuhlela okwenziwe ngokubaluleka kubalulekile. Kodwa uma unesithakazelo sendlela abantu abangene ngayo ku-Wikipedia, khona-ke ukuhlelwa kwe-bot kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle.

Ayikho inqubo eyodwa yokubala noma indlela engaqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanzekile ngokugcwele idatha yakho engcolile. Ekugcineni, ngicabanga ukuthi indlela engcono yokugwema ukukhohliswa ngemininingwane engcolile ukuqonda ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthi idatha yakho yadalwa kanjani.