2.3.2 njalo
Njalo-on idatha big kwenza isifundo izenzakalo ezingalindelekile futhi real-time nesilinganiso.
Abaningi big idatha izinhlelo zihlale-on; basuke lokuqoqa njalo idatha. Lesi sici njalo-on inikeza abacwaningi ngedatha longitudinal (ie, idatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Njengoba babehlala-on kunemithelela ezimbili ezibalulekile ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo.
Okokuqala, ukuqoqwa kwedatha njalo kwenza abacwaningi bafunde izenzakalo ezingalindelekile ngezindlela ezingenakwenzeka. Isibonelo, abacwaningi abanentshisekelo yokutadisha imibhikisho ye-Occupy Gezi e-Turkey ehlobo ka-2013 bekuzogxila ekuziphatheni kwababhikishi ngesikhathi somcimbi. U-Ceren Budak noDuncan Watts (2015) bakwazi ukwenza okuningi ngokusebenzisa imvelo ehlala njalo ye-Twitter ukuze bafunde ababhikishi abasebenzisa i-Twitter ngaphambili, ngesikhathi, nangemva komcimbi. Futhi, bakwazi ukudala iqembu lokuqhathanisa labangenayo ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva komcimbi (isibalo 2.2). Ngokuphelele, iphaneli yabo yokuthunyelwe yangaphambili yayihlanganisa ama-tweets abantu abangu-30,000 ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Ngokwandisa idatha esetshenziswa kakhulu kusuka emibhikishweni nalolu olunye ulwazi, uBudak noWatts bakwazi ukufunda okuningi: bakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zabantu ababengaba khona kakhulu emibhikishweni yeGezi futhi balinganise izinguquko ezizindleleni zabo abahlanganyeli kanye nabangaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, kokubili ngesikhathi esifushane (kuqhathanisa i-pre-Gezi kuze kube seGezi) nangesikhathi eside (ukuqhathanisa i-pre-Gezi ne-post-Gezi).
Umdwebo 2.2: Umklamo osetshenziswa Budak and Watts (2015) ukutadisha imibhikisho ye-Occupy Gezi eTurkey ehlobo lika-2013. Ngokusebenzisa imvelo ehlala njalo ye-Twitter, abacwaningi badala lokho ababekubiza ngokuthi i -post-post panel efaka phakathi Abantu abangu-30 000 ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibili. Ngokuphambene nokucwaninga okujwayelekile okugxile kubambiqhaza phakathi nemibhikisho, iphaneli yokuthunyelwe yangaphambilini ineza 1) idatha evela kubahlanganyeli ngaphambi nangemva komcimbi futhi 2) idatha kusuka kokungabikho ngaphambi kokuthi, ngesikhathi, nangemva komcimbi. Lokhu kulungiswa kwesakhiwo sedatha kwenza i-Budak ne-Watts baqikelele ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zabantu abazokwazi ukuhlanganyela emibhikishweni yeGezi futhi balinganise izinguquko ezithandweni zabathintekayo nabangewona ababambiqhaza, kokubili ngesikhathi esifushane (kuqhathaniswa ne-Ge-Gezi phakathi neGezi ) nangesikhathi eside (ukuqhathanisa i-pre-Gezi ne-post-Gezi).
Amandla angamahloni angasho ukuthi ezinye zalezi zilinganiso kungenzeka ukuthi zenziwe ngaphandle kwemithombo yokuqoqa idatha (isib. Izilinganiso zesikhathi eside zenguquko yesimo sengqondo), futhi lokho kuyiqiniso, nakuba ukuqoqwa kwedatha okunjalo kubantu abangu-30,000 bekuyobe sekuyiqiniso kubiza. Ngisho noma inikezwa isabelomali esingenamkhawulo, noma kunjalo, angikwazi ukucabanga nganoma iyiphi enye indlela evumela ukuthi abacwaningi babuyele ngesikhathi futhi babone ngokuqondile ukuziphatha kwabahlanganyeli esikhathini esidlule. Okunye okuseduze kakhulu kuzoba ukuqoqa imibiko yokubuyisa yokubuyisela emuva, kepha le mibiko yayizoba nokwehlukana okulinganiselwe kanye nokunemba okungaqondakali. ithebula 2.1 linikeza ezinye izibonelo zezifundo ezisebenzisa umthombo wedatha njalo ukutadisha umcimbi ongalindelekile.
| Umcimbi ongalindelekile | Umthombo wedatha njalo | Isikhombo |
|---|---|---|
| Umsebenzi we-Occupy Gezi eTurkey | Budak and Watts (2015) | |
| Umbrella ibhikisha eHong Kong | Zhang (2016) | |
| Ukudubula kwamaphoyisa eNew York City | Imibiko ye-Stop-and-frisk | Legewie (2016) |
| Umuntu ojoyina ISIS | Magdy, Darwish, and Weber (2016) | |
| Ukuhlasela kukaSeptemba 11, 2001 | livejournal.com | Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) |
| Ukuhlasela kukaSeptemba 11, 2001 | imiyalezo ye-pager | Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) , Pury (2011) , Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2011) |
Ngaphezu kokutadisha izenzakalo ezingalindelekile, izinhlelo eziningi zedatha njalo zivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bakhiqize izilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela, okungabalulekile kuzilungiselelo lapho abenzi bemigomo-kuhulumeni noma embonini-bafuna ukuphendula ngokusekelwe kokuqwashisa kwendawo. Isibonelo, idatha yezokuxhumana yomphakathi ingasetshenziselwa ukuqondisa impendulo yezimo eziphuthumayo ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo (Castillo 2016) kanye nemithombo ehlukahlukene yemithombo emikhulu ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izilinganiso zangempela zesikhathi somnotho (Choi and Varian 2012) .
Ekuphetheni, njalo-kuzinhlelo zedatha kunika amandla abacwaningi ukutadisha imicimbi engalindelekile futhi banikeze ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela kubenzi bomgomo. Kodwa-ke, angicabangi ukuthi njalo-kumasistimu e-data afaneleke ukuguqula izinguquko esikhathini eside kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo eziningi ezinkulu zedatha zilokhu zishintsha-inqubo engizoyibiza ngokuthi i- drift kamuva esahlukweni (isigaba 2.3.7).
