6.4.2 Beneficence
Beneficence imayelana ukuqonda kanye nokwenza ngcono iphrofayli ingozi / inzuzo yokutadisha kwakho, bese kokunquma uma ushaya esele kwesokudla.
Umbiko weBelmont uthi i-Beneficence iyisibopho abacwaningi okudingeka bahlanganyele, futhi ukuthi kuhilela izingxenye ezimbili: (1) ungalimazi futhi (2) ukwandisa izinzuzo ezingenzeka futhi unciphise izingozi ezikhona. Umbiko weBelmont ulandela umqondo wokuthi "ungalimazi" isiko lamaHippocratic in the ethics medical, futhi kungabonakaliswa ngendlela eqinile lapho abacwaningi "akufanele balimaze umuntu oyedwa ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezingase zifike kwabanye" (Belmont Report 1979) . Kodwa-ke, umbiko weBelmont uvuma ukuthi ukufunda okuzuzisa kungabandakanya ukuveza abanye abantu engozini. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kokwenzakalisa ingozi kungavumelani nokubaluleka kokufunda, okuholayo abacwaningi ukuba benze ngezikhathi ezithile izinqumo ezinzima mayelana "lapho kufanelekile ukuthola izinzuzo ezithile naphezu kwezingozi ezihilelekile, futhi uma izinzuzo kufanele zilandelwe ngenxa izingozi " (Belmont Report 1979) .
Ngokwenza njalo, isimiso se-Beneficence sesihunyushwe ukuthi kusho ukuthi abacwaningi kufanele benze izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene: ukuhlaziywa kwengozi / inzuzo bese isinqumo mayelana nokuthi izingozi nezinzuzo zithatha ibhalansi efanelekile yokuziphatha. Le nqubo yokuqala yinkinga yobuchwepheshe edinga ubuchwepheshe obuncane, kuyilapho okwesibini ngokuyinhloko kuyinkinga yokuziphatha lapho ubuchwepheshe obungasetshenziswa khona bungabalulekile, noma bulimaze.
Uhlaziyo ingozi / inzuzo Luhilela kokubili ukuqonda kanye nokwenza ngcono nezinzuzo zokuphuza ama-isifundo. Ukuhlaziywa kwengozi kufanele kufake izakhi ezimbili: amathuba okuba nezenzakalo ezimbi kanye nobukhulu bezo zenzakalo. Njengomphumela wokuhlaziywa kwengozi / inzuzo, umcwaningi angalungisa ukuklanywa kokutadisha ukuze anciphise amathuba okuba nesenzakalo esibi (isb., Ukuphuma kwesikrini kwabahlanganyeli abasengozini) noma ukunciphisa ubunzima besenzakalo esibi uma kwenzeka (isib. Ukwenza ukululekwa okutholakala kubahlanganyeli abawacelayo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi abacwaningi bezingcingo / ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kudingeka bahlale bekhumbula umthelela womsebenzi wabo hhayi nje kubahlanganyeli, kodwa nakubantu abangenayo kanye nezinhlelo zomphakathi. Isibonelo, cabangela ukuhlolwa kukaRistivo ne-van de Rijt (2012) ngomphumela wemiklomelo kubashicileli be-Wikipedia (okukhulunywa ngakho esahlukweni 4). Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi banikeza imiklomelo kwinombolo encane yabahleli abayibheka njengabakufanelekelayo futhi balandelela iminikelo yabo kwi-Wikipedia iqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula labahleli abafanelwe labo abacwaningi abazange banikeze umklomelo. Cabanga, uma, esikhundleni sokunikeza inani elincane lemiklomelo, i-Restivo ne-van de Rijt bavusa i-Wikipedia ngemiklomelo eminingi, eminingi. Nakuba lo mklamo ungase ungalimazi noma yikuphi umuntu ohlanganyele, ungaphazamisa wonke umklomelo wesistimu ku-Wikipedia. Ngamanye amazwi, uma wenza ingozi / ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo, kufanele ucabange ngemithelela yomsebenzi wakho hhayi nje kubahlanganyeli kodwa emhlabeni kabanzi.
Okulandelayo, uma izingozi ziye zanciphisa futhi izinzuzo zithuthukisiwe, abacwaningi kufanele bahlole ukuthi isifundo sishaya ibhalansi enhle. I-Ethicists ayincoma ukufingqwa okulula kwezindleko nezinzuzo. Ngokuyinhloko, ezinye izingozi zihlinzeka ucwaningo olungenakwenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinzuzo (isib. Ucwaningo lweTuskegee Syphilis oluchazwe kwisihlomelo somlando). Ngokungafani nokuhlaziywa kwengozi / inzuzo, okuyinhloko kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, lesi sinyathelo sesibili sinokuziphatha okujulile futhi singase sithuthukiswe ngempela abantu abangenalo ulwazi oluqondile lwendawo. Eqinisweni, ngoba abantu bangaphandle bavame ukubona izinto ezihlukene ezivela kubantu abahlala ngaphakathi, ama-IRB e-United States adingeka ukuthi afake okungenani oyedwa ongasihleli. Esifundweni sami sokukhonza ku-IRB, laba bangaphandle bangasiza ekuvikeleni iqembu-cabanga. Ngakho-ke uma unenkinga ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe iphrojekthi yakho yocwaningo ihlasela yini ingozi efanele / ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo musa nje ukubuza ozakwabo, zama ukubuza abanye ababukeli; izimpendulo zabo zingase zikumangaze.
Ukusebenzisa isimiso sokuzuzwa kwezibonelo ezintathu esizicabangela kubonisa izinguquko ezithile ezingase zithuthukise ubungozi / ubulungiswa bazo. Isibonelo, ngo-Contagion Emotional, abacwaningi bangase bazame ukuhlola abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala kanye nabantu okungenzeka ukuthi bangasabela kabi emithini yokwelashwa. Bangase bazame ukunciphisa inani labahlanganyeli ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokubalwa (njengoba kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe esahlukweni 4). Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebengase bazame ukuqapha abahlanganyeli futhi banikeze usizo kunoma ubani ovele wabonakala alimele. Ethandweni, Emiphakathini, Nesikhathi, abacwaningi bangabeka ukuvikeleka okunye lapho bekhipha idatha (nakuba izinqubo zabo zamukelwe yi-IRB ye-IRB, ebonisa ukuthi yayihambisana nomkhuba ovamile ngaleso sikhathi); Ngizokunikeza ezinye iziphakamiso eziqondile mayelana nokukhululwa kwedatha kamuva uma ngichaza ingozi yolwazi (isigaba 6.6.2). Okokugcina, ku-Encore, abacwaningi bangase bazame ukunciphisa inani lezinhlelo eziyingozi ezidalwa ukuze bafeze imigomo yokulinganisa iphrojekthi, futhi bebengabandakanyeka abahlanganyeli abasengozini enkulu kohulumeni abacindezelayo. Ngamunye walezi zinguquko ezenzekayo zingangenisa ukuhweba ekuklanyeni kwala maphrojekthi, futhi umgomo wami awukhombisi ukuthi laba baphandi kufanele benze lezi zinguquko. Esikhundleni salokho, ukukhombisa izinhlobo zezinguquko ukuthi isimiso se-Beneficence singasikisela.
Okokugcina, nakuba iminyaka yobudijithali ngokuvamile yenza izingozi nezinzuzo zibe nzima kakhulu, empeleni kwenze kube lula kubacwaningi ukwandisa izinzuzo zomsebenzi wabo. Ngokuyinhloko, amathuluzi e-digital age enza lula ukucwaninga okuvulekile nokukhiqiza kabusha, lapho abacwaningi benza idatha yabo yokucwaninga nekhodi itholakale kwabanye abacwaningi futhi benze amaphepha abo atholakale ngokushicilelwa kokufinyelela okuvulekile. Lolu shintsho lokuvula ucwaningo oluvulekile futhi oluphindaphindiwe, kanti noma kunjalo lube lula, lunikeza abacwaningi ithuba lokwandisa izinzuzo zocwaningo lwabo ngaphandle kokuveza abahlanganyeli kunoma iyiphi ingozi eyengeziwe (ukwabiwa kwedatha kuyinto ehlukile ezoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esigabeni 6.6.2 engozini yolwazi).
