6.4 Four izimiso
Izimiso ezine ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukuzikhuthaza abacwaningi zibheke ukungaqiniseki zesimilo yilezi: Inhlonipho Persons, Beneficence, uJustice, begodu ezihlonipha umthetho ne- Public Interest.
Izinselele zokuziphatha abacwaningi ababhekene nazo eminyakeni yobudala zedijithali zihlukile kakhulu kunezo zangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bangakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele ngokuzakhela ekucabangeni kokuziphatha kwangaphambili. Ngokuyinhloko, ngikholelwa ukuthi izimiso ezivezwe emibikweni emibili-iBelmont Report (Belmont Report 1979) kanye ne-Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -ngasiza abacwaningi ukuba bacabangele ngezinselele zokuziphatha ababhekana nazo. Njengoba ngichaza ngokuningiliziwe emkhakheni wesimiso saleso sahluko, zombili lezi zimbiko zaba yimiphumela yeminyaka eminingi yokubheka ngamaphaneli ochwepheshe abanamathuba amaningi okufaka okuvela kubathintekayo abahlukahlukene.
Okokuqala, ngo-1974, ekuphenduleni ukuhluleka komthetho ngabacwaningi-njengesihloko esibizwa ngokuthi iTuskegee Syphilis Study lapho amadoda angaba ngu-400 aseMelika aseMelika ayekhohliswa ngokucophelela ngabacwaningi futhi enqaba ukutholakala kokwelashwa okuphephile futhi okuphumelelayo iminyaka engaba ngu-40 (bheka isithasiselo somlando) -I-Congress yase-US yakha ikhomishana kazwelonke yokukhiqiza iziqondiso zokuziphatha eziphathelene nokucwaninga ezihilela izifundo zabantu. Ngemva kweminyaka emine yokuhlangana eNhlanganweni Yenkomfa yaseBelmont, leli qembu laveza iBelmont Report , idokhumenti elincane kodwa elinamandla. Umbiko weBelmont uyisisekelo sezingqondo soMthetho Ovamile , isethi yemithetho eqondisa izifundo zezifundo zabantu ukuthi i-IRBs inomsebenzi wokuphoqelela (Porter and Koski 2008) .
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngo-2010, ngokuphendula ukwehluleka kokuziphatha komcwaningi bezokuphepha kwekhompiyutha kanye nobunzima bokusebenzisa imibono eBelmont Report ekucwaningeni kwe-digital-age, uHulumeni wase-US-ikakhulukazi uMnyango wezokuThuthukiswa koMakhaya-wadala ikhomishana ye-blue-ribbon ukuze ukukhiqiza uhlaka lokuziphatha oluqondisayo lwezocwaningo olubandakanya ubuchwepheshe bezokwazisa kanye nokuxhumana (ICT). Umphumela walo mzamo wawuyi- Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .
Umbiko, i-Belmont Report kanye ne-Menlo Report inikeza imigomo emine engakhombisa ukucabangela kokuziphatha kwabacwaningi: Inhlonipho yabantu , inzuzo , ubulungiswa , nokuhlonipha umthetho kanye nentshisekelo yomphakathi . Ukusebenzisa lezi zimiso ezine ekusebenzeni akuzona njalo okuqondile, futhi kungadinga ukulinganisa okunzima. Kodwa-ke, izimiso zisiza ukucacisa ukuhweba, ukuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwezincwaningo, nokuvumela abacwaningi ukuba bachaze ukubonisana kwabo nomphakathi.
