5.3.3 peer-to-Patent

I-Peer-to-Patent yikholi evulekile esiza abahloli be-patent ukuthola u-art ngaphambi; kubonisa ukuthi izingcingo ezivulekile zingasetshenziselwa izinkinga ezingenakulungiswa ukuze zenzeke.

Abahloli be-patent banomsebenzi onzima. Bathola izincazelo ezibukhali, ezikwezomthetho ezakhiwe ezintsha, bese kufanele banqume ukuthi lokho okushiwo yi-"novel". Lokhu kungukuthi, umhloli kufanele anqume ukuthi kukhona "ubuciko bokuqala" -uhlobo oluchazwe ngaphambilini lwalolu hlelo-oluzokwenza okungavumelekile kwe-patent okungavumelekile. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani, ake sicabangele umhloli we-patent ogama lakhe linguAlbert, ngokuhlonipha u-Albert Einstein owaqala ehhovisi laseSwitzerland ePentent. U-Albert angathola isicelo esifana ne-US Patent 20070118658 efakwe ngu-Hewlett Packard "yendlela yokuxwayisa yokuphathwa okukhethwa ngumsebenzisi" futhi ichazwe kabanzi eBook Noveck sika- Wiki Government (2009) . Nasi isimangalo sokuqala esivela kulesi sicelo:

"A uhlelo lwekhompyutha, ehlanganisa: wokugaya; eliyisisekelo input / system okukhipha (BIOS) kufaka iziyalezo logic okuyinto, uma ababulawa yi-processor, ulungiselele processor ukuze: owayeyosoka amandla ukuhlola (POST) ukucutshungulwa eziyisisekelo input / okuphumayo system of a device Computing; njengamanje noma ngaphezulu ukuphathwa uqaphile takhiwo in a interface yomsebenzisi; ukuthola uphawu Ukukhetha kusukela interface yomsebenzisi Ebalula esinye ngetakhiwo ukuphathwa uqaphile evezwa interface yomsebenzisi; futhi ulungiselele idivayisi kuhambisana uhlelo Computing nabaphathi ezihlonziwe format uqaphile. "

Ingabe u-Albert kufanele anikeze amalungelo omuntu oneminyaka engu-20 wokuzimela kuleli lungelo lobunikazi noma kube khona ubuciko bokuqala? Izigameko ezinqumweni eziningi ze-patent ziphakeme, kodwa ngeshwa, u-Albert uzodingeka enze lesi sinqumo ngaphandle kolwazi olungase aludinge. Ngenxa yokusikhipha okukhulu kwamalungelo obunikazi, u-Albert usebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi eside futhi kufanele enze isinqumo sakhe sisekelwe kumsebenzi wamahora angu-20 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina imfihlo ehlongozwayo, u-Albert akavunyelwe ukubonisana nochwepheshe abangaphandle (Noveck 2006) .

Lesi simo sathintela uprofesa wezomthetho uBet Noveck njengoba ephukile ngokuphelele. Ngo-Julayi 2005, ephefumulelwe ingxenye yi-Wikipedia, wakhetha okuthunyelwe ngebhulogi okubizwa ngokuthi "Peer-to-Patent: A Proposal Proposal" efuna uhlelo olubukeziwe lokubuyekezwa kontanga lwamalungelo obunikazi. Ngemuva kokusebenzisana ne-US Patent kanye neHhovisi lokuPhatha kanye neNkampani yezobuchwepheshe njengezinkampani ze-IBM, i-Peer-to-Patent yasungulwa ngoJuni 2007. Isikhundla sobuhulumeni obuneminyaka engu-200 ubudala kanye neqembu labameli libonakala sengathi liyindawo engafaneleki ukuba ibuke emisha, kepha i-Peer-to-Patent yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokulinganisa intshisekelo yomuntu wonke.

Umdwebo 5.9: Ukuhamba komsebenzi we-Peer-to-Patent. Kuthunyelwe kusuka ku- Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Nakhu ukuthi kusebenza kanjani (isibalo 5.9). Ngemuva kokuthi umqambi avume ukuthi isicelo sakhe siphumelele ekubuyekezweni komphakathi (ngaphezulu kokuthi kungani angakwenza lokho okwesikhashana), isicelo sithunyelwe kuwebhusayithi. Okulandelayo, isicelo sixoxwa ngababuyekezi bomphakathi (futhi, ngokuningi ukuthi kungani bangabamba iqhaza ngomzuzwana), futhi izibonelo zobungcweti bokuqala obukhona zingatholakala, zichazwe futhi zilayishwe kuwebhusayithi. Le nqubo yokuxoxisana, ukucwaninga nokulayishwa iyaqhubeka, kuze kube yilapho, ekugcineni, umphakathi wababuyekezi bavota ukukhetha izingcezu eziyishumi eziphezulu zokusola ezenziwe ngaphambili ezithunyelwa kumhloli we-patent ukuze zibuyekezwe. Umhloli we-patent bese eqhuba ucwaningo futhi ngokuhambisana nomnikelo ovela ku-Peer-to-Patent wenza isahlulelo.

Ake sibuyele ku-US Patent 20070118658 "yefomethi yokuxwayisa yokuphathwa okukhethwa ngumsebenzisi." Le patent ilayishwe ku-Peer-to-Patent ngoJuni 2007 lapho ifundwa nguSteve Pearson, injini enkulu ye-software ye-IBM. U-Pearson wayejwayele le ndawo yokucwaninga futhi wabona ucezu lobuciko bokuqala: incwadi evela ku-Intel enesihloko esithi "I-Active Management Technology: I-Quick Reference Guide" eyayishicilelwe eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili. Ehlomile ngalolu dokhumenti, kanye nezinye izinto zangaphambi kobuciko kanye nengxoxo evela emphakathini wobuhlobo no-Patent, umhloli we-patent waqala ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwecala, futhi ekugqibeleni waphonsa isicelo se-patent, ngokwengxenye ngenxa ye-Intel manual ukuthi itholakala yiPearson (Noveck 2009) . Kula ma-66 amacala aseqedile i-Peer-to-Patent, cishe u-30% wenqatshelwe ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe kobuciko obuningi obutholakala nge-Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Okwenza ukuklama kohlobo lwe-Peer-to-Patent ngokukhethekile kunendlela enhle eyenza abantu babe nezintshisekelo eziningi eziphikisanayo kubo bonke ukudansa ndawonye. Ama-inventors anesisusa sokubamba iqhaza ngoba ihhovisi lobunikazi libuyekeza izinhlelo zokusebenza zohlobo lwe-Peer-to-Patent ngokushesha kunamalungelo obunikazi abhekene nenqubo yendabuko, yokubuyisa ngasese. Ababuyekezi banesibindi sokubamba iqhaza ukuze kuvimbele amalungelo obunikazi amabi, futhi abaningi babonakala bethola inqubo ejabulisayo. Ekugcineni, i-patent office kanye nabahloli be-patent banomthelela wokubamba iqhaza ngoba le ndlela ingathuthukisa imiphumela yabo kuphela. Okungukuthi, uma inqubo yokubuyekeza umphakathi ithola izingcezu eziyi-10 ezingenakuthandeka zobuciko bokuqala, lezi zingcezu ezingenakulinganiswa zinganakwa umhloli we-patent. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Peer-to-Patent nomhloli we-patent esebenzisana ndawonye kumele kube kuhle noma okungcono kunokuba umhloli we-patent esebenza eceleni. Ngakho-ke, izingcingo ezivulekile azibeki njalo ochwepheshe; ngezinye izikhathi basiza ochwepheshe ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kangcono.

Nakuba i-Peer-to-Patent ingase ibonakale ihlukile kuneNetflix Prize ne-Foldit, inesakhiwo esifanayo kulezo zixazululo kulula ukuhlola kunokukhiqiza. Uma umuntu eveze incwadi ethi "I-Active Management Technology: I-Quick Reference Guide" kulula kakhulu-kumhloli we-patent, okungenani-ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le dokhumenti ingaphambi kobuciko. Noma kunjalo, ukuthola lelo bhukwana kunzima kakhulu. I-Peer-to-Patent iphinde ikhombise ukuthi amaphrojekthi okuvula amakholi angakhona ngisho nezinkinga ezingabonakali ezingenakukwazi ukuzenza.