5.4.3 Isiphetho

Ukuqoqwa kwedatha okusabalalisa kungenzeka, futhi esikhathini esizayo cishe kuzobandakanya ubuchwepheshe kanye nokubamba iqhaza okukhulu.

Njengoba i-eBird ibonisa, ukusabalalisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha kungasetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PhotoCity ibonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezihlobene nesampuli kanye nekhwalithi yedatha zingasetshenziswa. Ungasakaza kanjani umsebenzi wokuqoqa idatha kwedwaningo lomphakathi? Isibonelo esisodwa sivela emsebenzini kaSusan Watkins kanye nosebenza nabo eMalawi Journals Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Kule phrojekthi, izakhamuzi ezingu-22 zendawo-ezibizwa ngokuthi "izintatheli" -ukuthi "amaphephandaba axoxisana" aqoshiwe, ngokuningiliziwe, izingxoxo abazitholile nge-AIDS empilweni yansuku zonke yabantu abavamile (ngenkathi iphrojekthi yaqala, abangaba ngu-15% yabantu abadala eMalawi babe ne-HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Ngenxa yokuthi isimo sabo sangaphakathi, lezi zintatheli zazikwazi ukuzwa izingxoxo okungenzeka zingenakufinyeleleka kuWatkins nakubambisene nabacwaningi baseNtshonalanga (ngizoxoxa ngezimiso zalokhu kamuva esahlukweni lapho nginikeza iseluleko mayelana nokuklama iphrojekthi yakho yokubambisana) . Idatha evela eMnyangweni Wezincwadi ZaseMalawi iholele ekutholeni okubalulekile okubalulekile. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba iphrojekthi iqale, abaningi abangaphandle babekholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuthula mayelana ne-AIDS emazweni angaphansi kweSahara, kodwa amaphephandaba axoxisana abonisa ukuthi lokhu akusobala: izintatheli zazizwa izingxoxo eziningi zesihloko, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene imingcwabo, imigoqo, namasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo salezi zingxoxo sasiza abacwaningi ukuba baqonde kangcono ukuphikiswa kokusebenzisa ikhondomu; indlela yokusebenzisa ikhondomu eyakhiwe emilayezo yempilo yomphakathi yayingavumelani nendlela exoxwa ngayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .

Yiqiniso, njengedatha evela ku-eBird, idatha evela kuMalawi Wezincwadi Zamaphrojekthi ayilungile, inkinga exoxwa ngokuningiliziwe nguWatkins nozakwabo. Isibonelo, izingxoxo eziqoshiwe akuzona isampula okungahleliwe kuzo zonke izingxoxo ezingenzeka. Esikhundleni salokho, ukubalwa kwabantu okungaphelele nge-AIDS. Ngokuphathelene nekhwalithi yedatha, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izintatheli zabo ziyizintatheli eziphezulu, njengoba kuboniswe ukuhambisana phakathi kwamaphephandaba nakwamaphephandaba. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngoba izintatheli ezanele zithunyelwa esimisweni esincane esanele futhi sigxile esihlokweni esithile, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise redundancy ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yedatha. Isibonelo, isisebenzi socansi esibizwa ngokuthi "uStella" sibonise izikhathi eziningana emaphephandabeni ezintatheli ezine ezahlukene (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Ukuze uqhubeke nokwakha intuition yakho, ithebula 5.3 likhombisa ezinye izibonelo zokuqoqwa kwedatha yokucwaninga kwezenhlalakahle.

Zonke izibonelo ezichazwe kulesi sigaba zibandakanye ukuhlanganyela okusebenzayo: izintatheli izingxoxo eziqoshiwe ezizizwile; izinyoni zilayishe izinhlobonhlobo zabo zokuhlola; noma abadlali balayishe izithombe zabo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma iqhaza lizenzekelayo futhi alidingi ikhono noma isikhathi esithile sokuhambisa? Lesi yisithembiso esinikezwa ngokuthi "ukuzwa okubambisanayo" noma "ukuzwa okuphakathi kwabantu." Ngokwesibonelo, i-Pothole Patrol, iphrojekthi yososayensi e-MIT, ifakwe i-accelerometers ene-GPS ngaphakathi kwamatekisi amatekisi ayisikhombisa endaweni yaseBoston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Ngenxa yokuthi ukushayela ama-pothole kushiya isignali ye-accelerometer ehlukile, la madivayisi, uma efakwa ngaphakathi kwamatekisi ahambayo, angakha amamephu we-pothole eBoston. Yiqiniso, amateksi awashiyi amasampula ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa, anikwe amatekisi anele, kungase kube nokutholakala okwanele ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinxenye ezinkulu zomuzi. Inzuzo yesibili yezinhlelo ezithandwayo ezithembele ku-tekhnoloji ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokwenza idatha: ngenkathi idinga ikhono lokufaka isandla ku-eBird (ngoba udinga ukukwazi ukubona izinyoni zezinyoni ngokuthembekile), akudingi amakhono akhethekile ukuze kunomthelela ePotel Patrol.

Ukuqhubekela phambili, ngikholelwa ukuthi abaningi basakaza amaphrojekthi okuqoqwa kwedatha azoqala ukusebenzisa amandla amakholi ephathekayo asevele athathwa yizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa mafoni kakade unenqwaba yamenenja ebalulekile ekulinganisweni, njengama-microphone, amakhamera, amadivayisi we-GPS, namawashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani yangaphandle ezivumela abacwaningi ukuthi balawule izivumelwano zokuqoqwa kwedatha. Okokugcina, bane-Internet-ukuxhumana, okwenza bakwazi ukuba baqede-ukulayisha idatha abayibuthayo. Kunezinselelo eziningi zobuchwepheshe, kusukela ezinjenini ezingalungile zokubhebhethekisa impilo yebhethri, kodwa lezi zinkinga cishe ziyophuluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqala. Izinkinga ezihlobene nokuyimfihlo nokuziphatha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingase zibe nzima kakhulu; Ngizobuyela emibuzweni yokuziphatha lapho nginikeza iseluleko mayelana nokuklama ukubambisana kwakho.

Emikhankasweni yokuqoqwa kwedatha, izisebenzi zokuzithandela zinikeza idatha mayelana nezwe. Le ndlela isivele isetshenzisiwe ngempumelelo, futhi ukusebenzisa okuzayo kuyodingeka kulungiselele ukuhlungwa kwesampula kanye nokukhathazeka kwekhwalithi yedatha. Ngenhlanhla, amaphrojekthi akhona afana ne-PhotoCity no-Pothole Patrol asikisela izixazululo kulezi zinkinga. Njengoba amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunikeza amandla okubamba iqhaza nokuzibandakanya, ukusabalalisa amaphrojekthi okuqoqwa kwedatha kufanele kukhuphuke ngokuphawulekayo esikalini, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuba baqoqe idatha evele iqede imingcele esikhathini esidlule.