3.5 Izindlela ezintsha kokubuza imibuzo
Ucwaningo lwendabuko luvaliwe, luyisithukuthezi futhi lususwe ekuphileni. Manje singabuza imibuzo evulekile, ejabulisayo, nokuningi okufakiwe emphilweni.
Uhlaka lwephutha lokuhlola ucwaningo lukhuthaza abacwaningi ukuba bacabange ngokucwaninga kocwaningo njengenqubo eyingxenye ezimbili: ukuqasha abaphendulayo nokubabuza imibuzo. Esigabeni 3.4, ngacacile ngokuthi iminyaka yobudijithali ishintshe kanjani ukuthi sithola abaphendulayo, futhi manje ngizoxoxa ngendlela eyenza abacwaningi bacele imibuzo ngezindlela ezintsha. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zingasetshenziswa ngamasampula noma okungenzeka okungenakwenzeka.
Imodi yokuhlola iyimvelo lapho imibuzo ibuzwa khona, futhi ingaba nemithelela ebalulekile ekulinganisweni (Couper 2011) . Esikhathini sokuqala socwaningi lwezocwaningo, imodi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yayibhekene nobuso, kanti ngenkathi yesibili, kwaba ucingo. Abanye abacwaningi babheka inkathi yesithathu yokucwaninga kocwaningi njengendlela yokwandiswa kwamamodi okuhlola okufaka amakhompiyutha namafoni omakhalekhukhwini. Noma kunjalo, iminyaka yobudijithali ingaphezu kokushintsha kwamapayipi lapho imibuzo nezimpendulo zigeleza. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-analog kuya kwedijithali kwenza-futhi kuyodingeka ukuthi abacwaningi bashintshe indlela esibuza ngayo imibuzo.
Ucwaningo lukaMichael Schober kanye nosebenza nabo (2015) lubonisa izinzuzo zokulungisa izindlela zendabuko ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono izinhlelo zokuxhumana zedijithali-yobudala. Kulesi sifundo, uSchober kanye nosebenza nabo baqhathanisa izindlela ezahlukene zokubuza abantu imibuzo ngefoni ephathekayo. Baqhathanisa ukuqoqa idatha ngezingxoxo zezwi, okungenzeka kube ukuhumusha kwemvelo yenkambiso yesigaba sesibili, ukuqoqa idatha nge-microsurveys eminingi ethunyelwe ngemilayezo yombhalo, indlela engenayo isandulela esicacile. Bathola ukuthi i-microsurveys ithunyelwe ngemiyalezo yombhalo iholele kudatha ephakeme kakhulu kunezingxoxo zezwi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukumane ukudlulisela indlela endala eya kumaphakathi okusha akuzange kuholele kudatha eliphezulu kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokucabangela ngokucacile ngamakhono kanye nemigomo yezenhlalakahle ezungeze amafoni, uSchober kanye nozakwethu bakwazi ukuthuthukisa indlela engcono yokubuza imibuzo eholela ekuphenduleni izinga eliphezulu.
Kunezilinganiso eziningi lapho abacwaningi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa khona izindlela zokuhlola, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi isici esibucayi kakhulu kwindlela yokuhlola yedijithali-yobudala yukuthi balawulwa ngekhompiyutha , kunokuba baxoxwe nge- computer (njengokungathi ucwaningweni nobuso ubuso nobuso) . Ukuthatha izingxoxo zabantu ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuqoqa idatha kunika izinzuzo ezinkulu futhi kufaka ezinye izinkinga. Ngokwezinzuzo, ukususa abantu abaxoxisana nabo kunganciphisa ukuxhaswa kwabantu , ukuthambekela kwabaphenduli ukuzama ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukuziphatha okungenakunqunywa kokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni (isb. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni) nokubika okungaphezulu okukhuthaziwe ukuziphatha (isb, ukuvota) (Kreuter, Presser, and Tourangeau 2008) . Ukususa izingxoxo zabantu kungase futhi kuqede imiphumela yokuxoxa , ukuthambekela kwezimpendulo okumele kuthonywe ezindleleni ezicashile yizici zomuntu oxoxa naye (West and Blom 2016) . Ngokungeziwe ekuthuthukiseni okungahle kwenzeke kwezinye izinhlobo zemibono, ukususa abaxoxisana nabantu ngokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko-isikhathi sokuxoxa ngenye yezindleko ezinkulu ekucwaningweni kocwaningo-futhi kwandisa ukuguquguquka ngoba abaphenduli bangabamba iqhaza uma kunesidingo, hhayi kuphela uma oxoxisana naye ekhona . Kodwa-ke, ukususa umuntu oxoxisana nabantu kudala nezinselele. Ngokuyinhloko, abaxoxisana nabo bangathuthukisa ubudlelwane nabaphendulayo abangakhuphula izinga lokubamba iqhaza, bacacise imibuzo yokudideka, futhi balondoloze ukubandakanyeka kwabaphenduli ngenkathi bethola imibuzo yemibuzo ende (engaba (Garbarski, Schaeffer, and Dykema 2016) ) (Garbarski, Schaeffer, and Dykema 2016) . Ngakho-ke, ukushintshwa kwimodi yokuhlola eyenziwa yi- interviewer kumuntu olawulwa yikhompyutha kudala kokubili amathuba nezinselele.
Ngokulandelayo, ngizochaza izindlela ezimbili ezibonisa ukuthi abacwaningi bangasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi e-digital age ukuba babuze imibuzo ngokuhlukile: ukulinganisa izimo zangaphakathi ngesikhathi esifanele nendawo ngokuhlola okwenziwe ngezikhathi zemvelo (isigaba 3.5.1) nokuhlanganisa amandla yemibuzo yocwaningo evulekile futhi evalwe ngokuhlolwa kweviki (isigaba 3.5.2). Kodwa-ke, ukuthutha ekubhekiseni ikhompiyutha, ukubuza ngokugcwele kuzosho nokuthi kudingeka sidalwe izindlela zokubuza ukuthi zijabulisa kakhulu abahlanganyeli, inqubo ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa (isigaba 3.5.3).
