Imisebenzi

  • izinga lobunzima: kulula kulula , ephakathi okuphakathi , kanzima kanzima , kanzima kakhulu kanzima kakhulu
  • idinga izibalo ( idinga izibalo )
  • kudinga ukufaka ikhodi ( kudinga ikhodi )
  • ukuqoqwa kwedatha ( ukuqoqwa kwedatha )
  • izintandokazi zami ( intandokazi yami )

  1. [ kanzima , idinga izibalo ] Esahlukweni, ngangizimisele kakhulu ngokulandelana kwamagama. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuhlali njalo kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezilinganiso. Yakha isimo lapho ukuhlelwa kwe-post-stratification kunganciphisa izinga lokulinganisa. (Ukuze uthole ukusikisela, bheka Thomsen (1973) .)

  2. [ kanzima , ukuqoqwa kwedatha , kudinga ikhodi ] Ukuklama nokuqhuba inhlolovo engekho emathubeni e-Amazon Mechanical Turk ukubuza mayelana nobunikazi bebhamu kanye nesimo sengqondo ngokulawulwa kwezibhamu. Ukuze ukwazi ukuqhathanisa izilinganiso zakho kulabo abathathwe kwisampula esingenzeka, sicela ukopishe umbuzo wombuzo kanye nokukhethwa kokuphendula ngokuqondile ngokuhlola okuphezulu kakhulu okufana nalabo abagijimela iPew Research Research.

    1. Ucwaningo lwakho luzothatha isikhathi esingakanani? Kubiza malini? Ukubalwa kwesampula sakho kuqhathaniswa kanjani nenani labantu base-US?
    2. Kuyini ukulinganisa okungekho kokubanjiswa kwesibhamu usebenzisa isampula yakho?
    3. Lungisa ukungabonakali kwesampula sakho usebenzisa i-post-stratification noma enye inqubo. Manje yini ukulinganisa ubunikazi bebhamu?
    4. Izilinganiso zakho ziqhathaniswa kanjani nesilinganiso samanje esivela kwisampula esisekelwe ematheni? Ucabanga ukuthi ucabangani ukungafani, uma kukhona?
    5. Phinda imibuzo (b) - (d) ngesimo sengqondo ngokulawulwa kwezibhamu. Izimpendulo zakho zihluke kanjani?

  3. [ kanzima kakhulu , ukuqoqwa kwedatha , kudinga ikhodi ] I-Goel kanye nozakwethu (2016) bephethe imibuzo engama-49 yokuzikhethela yokuziphatha okuvela ku-General Social Survey (GSS) bese ukhetha ukuhlola yi-Pew Research Center kuya kwesampula esingenakwenzeka kubantu abaphenduliwe abavela ku-Amazon Mechanical Turk. Bese balungiselela ukungabonakali kwedatha besebenzisa i-post-stratification esekelwe emodeli futhi baqhathanisa izilinganiso zabo ezilungiselelwe nalabo abavela ku-GSS kanye no-Pew. Yenza uphenyo olufanayo ku-Amazon Mechanical Turk bese uzama ukuphinda uphinde ufunde isithombe esingu-2a bese ufaka u-2b ngokuqhathanisa izilinganiso zakho ezilungiselelwe nezilinganiso ezivela emaceleni omfisha kakhulu we-GSS no-Pew uphenyo. (Bheka ithebula le-appendix A2 ohlwini lwamakhasi angu-49.)

    1. Qhathanisa futhi uqhathanise imiphumela yakho nalabo abavela ku-Pew no-GSS.
    2. Qhathanisa uphinde uqhathanise imiphumela yakho nalabo abasuka kuhlolo Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) Turk Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) .

  4. [ okuphakathi , ukuqoqwa kwedatha , kudinga ikhodi ] Ucwaningo oluningi lusebenzisa izinyathelo ezizimele zokusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu kuyisimo esithakazelisayo lapho abacwaningi bangakuqhathanisa ukuziphatha okubikwayo ngokuziphatha okuhle (bheka isib. Boase and Ling (2013) ). Ukuziphatha okuvamile okubili okubuzayo mayelana nokubiza nokuthumelela imiyalezo, futhi amafomu amabili avamile ejwayelekile "yizolo" futhi "ngesonto elidlule."

    1. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa noma iyiphi idatha, yiziphi izinyathelo zokuzibika ozicabangela ukuthi zinembile kakhulu? Kungani?
    2. Thola abangani bakho abahlanu ukuba babe kuhlolo lwakho. Sicela ucwebe ngokufingqiwe ukuthi lezi zinsuku ezinhlanu zithathwe kanjani. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi le nqubo yokwenza isampula ibangele ukukhipha okukodwa kuzilinganiso zakho?
    3. Buza imibuzo elandelayo ye-microsurvey:
    • "Usebenzise kangaki ifoni yakho ephathekayo ukubiza abanye izolo?"
    • "Zingaki imilayezo yombhalo oyithumele izolo?"
    • "Usebenzise kangaki ifoni yakho ukubiza abanye ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa zokugcina?"
    • "Usebenzise kangaki ifoni yakho ukuthumela noma ukuthola imiyalezo / i-SMS ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa zokugcina?"
    1. Uma le microsurvey isiphelile, cela ukuhlola idatha yabo yokusetshenziswa njengengena ifoni noma umnikezeli wesevisi. Ukusetshenziswa kombiko okuzenzekelayo kuqhathanisa kanjani nokuloba idatha? Yikuphi okunemba kakhulu, okungenani kunembile?
    2. Manje faka idatha oqoqwe nedatha kusuka kwabanye abantu ekilasini lakho (uma wenza lo msebenzi ekilasini). Ngalesi dataset enkulu, phinda ingxenye (d).

  5. [ okuphakathi , ukuqoqwa kwedatha ] U-Schuman and Presser (1996) uphikisa ukuthi imiyalo yombuzo izobaluleka ngezinhlobo ezimbili zemibuto: imibuzo eyingxenye-ingxenye lapho imibuzo emibili ikhona ezingeni elifanayo lenkampani ethile (isibonelo, izilinganiso ezimbili zokukhethwa koMengameli); kanye nengxenye-yonke imibuzo lapho umbuzo ojwayelekile ulandela umbuzo ocacile (isb., ukubuza ukuthi "Uneliseke kangakanani ngomsebenzi wakho?" kulandelwe "Uneliseke kangakanani ngokuphila kwakho?").

    Baqhubeka beveza izinhlobo ezimbili zomphumela we-oda lombuzo: imiphumela ehambisanayo lapho kwenzeka izimpendulo zombuzo kamuva (kunokuba zibe khona) kulabo abanikezwe embuzweni wangaphambili; Ukungafani kwemiphumela kwenzeka uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimpendulo zemibuzo emibili.

    1. Yakha i-pair of questions-part part that you think will have a big order effect effect; i-pair of part-yonke imibuzo ocabanga ukuthi iyoba nomphumela omkhulu we-oda; kanye nemibuzo emibili ocingayo ukuthi awunandaba. Hlola uhlolo lwe-Amazon Mechanical Turk ukuze uhlole imibuzo yakho.
    2. Yeka ukuthi ubukhulu kangakanani umphumela oyingxenye owawukwazi ukuyidala? Ingabe kwakungumphumela wokungafani noma wokuphambene?
    3. Yeka ukuthi umkhiqizo omkhulu-wonke ungakwazi ukudala kanjani? Ingabe kwakungumphumela wokungafani noma wokuphambene?
    4. Ingabe kwakukhona umphumela we-oda wombuzo kubangani bakho lapho ungazange ucabange ukuthi i-oda ingaba nendaba?

  6. [ okuphakathi , ukuqoqwa kwedatha ] Ukwakha umsebenzi we-Schuman and Presser, u- Moore (2002) uchaza ubukhulu obuhlukile bomphumela womyalelo wombuzo: imiphumela engezayo nokukhupha. Ngenkathi ukungafani nokuphumelela kwemiphumela kukhishwa njengomphumela wabahlolwa kwabaphenduli bezinto ezimbili ngokuphathelene nomunye nomunye, imiphumela ehlanganisayo neyokukhipha iyakhiwa lapho abaphendulayo bezwela ngokwengeziwe kuhlaka olukhudlwana lapho imibuzo ibuzwa khona. Funda Moore (2002) , bese uhlela bese uqhuba ucwaningo olwenziwe ku-MTurk ukuze ubonise imiphumela engeza noma yokukhipha.

  7. [ kanzima , ukuqoqwa kwedatha ] UChristopher Antoun kanye nozakwethu (2015) baqhube isifundo ngokuqhathanisa amasampuli alula atholakala emithonjeni emine yokuqoqa inthanethi: MTurk, Craigslist, Google AdWords ne-Facebook. Yakha inhlolovo elula futhi uqoqe abahlanganyeli ngokusebenzisa okungenani imithombo emibili yokuqasha inthanethi (le mithombo ingahlukahluka emithonjeni emine esetshenziswa ku- Antoun et al. (2015) ).

    1. Qhathanisa izindleko ngokuqasha-ngokusho kwemali nesikhathi-phakathi kwemithombo ehlukene.
    2. Qhathanisa ukwakheka kwamasampuli atholakala emithonjeni ehlukene.
    3. Qhathanisa ikhwalithi yedatha phakathi kwamasampuli. Ukuze uthole imibono mayelana nendlela yokukala ikhwalithi yedatha kusuka kubaphenduli, bheka i- Schober et al. (2015) .
    4. Uyini umthombo wakho ozithandayo? Kungani?

  8. [ okuphakathi ] Ngomzamo wokubikezela imiphumela ye-2016 EU Referenndum (okungukuthi, i-Brexit), i-YouGov-i-intanethi esekelwe emakethe yokucwaninga emakethe eqhutshwa e-intanethi yephaneli labantu abangaba ngu-800 000 e-United Kingdom.

    Incazelo eningiliziwe yemodeli yezibalo ze-YouGov ingatholakala ku-https: //yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/yougov-referendum-model/. Uma ukhuluma, u-YouGov uhlukanisile abavoti ngezinhlobo ezisuselwe ku-choice jikelele wokuvota okhethweni luka-2015, ubudala, iziqu, ubulili, nosuku lokuxoxisana, kanye nendawo abahlala kuyo. Okokuqala, basebenzise idatha eqoqwe kusukela ku-YouGov panelist ukulinganisa, phakathi kwalabo abavotele, inani labantu abantu abavotelayo abazovota. Balinganisela ukuguqulwa kohlobo ngalunye lwabavoti ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-2015 eBrithani Election Study (BES), inhlolovo ebusweni bombuso obhekene nokulandela, okwakungavumelekile ukuphuma emaqenjini okhetho. Ekugcineni, balinganisela ukuthi bangaki abantu ababekhona kulolu hlobo lwamavoti abakhethiweyo ku-electorate, ngokususelwa ku-Recense Census no-Annual Population Survey (ngolunye ulwazi olwengeziwe kusuka eminye imithombo yedatha).

    Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvota, u-YouGov ubonise ukuholwa kwamaphuzu amabili we-Shiya. Ngosuku lokuvota, i-poll ibonise ukuthi umphumela wawusondele kakhulu ukushayela (49/51 Hlalani). Ucwaningo lokugcina olwenziwe ngosuku lubikezela ukuthi u-48/52 uhlale uhlala (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/23/yougov-day-poll/). Empeleni, lesi sibalo siphuthele imiphumela yokugcina (52/48 Leave) ngamaphuzu amane amaphesenti.

    1. Sebenzisa uhlaka lwephutha lokuhlola lokuphelele olukhulunywa ngakho kulesi sahluko ukuze uhlole ukuthi yini engase ihambe kahle.
    2. Ukusabela kwe-YouGov ngemuva kokhetho (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/brexit-follows-close-run-campaign/) kuchaza: "Lokhu kubonakala kunengxenye enkulu ngenxa yokuvula-into sitshele ukuthi kuzo zonke izikhathi kuzoba okubalulekile emiphumeleni yomncintiswano onjalo olinganiselayo. Imodeli yethu yokubuyisela isekelwe, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi ngabe abaphendulile bavotela okhethweni lokugcina futhi izinga lokuguqula ngaphezu kwezingqikithi ezivame ukwenyusa imodeli, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho. "Ingabe lokhu kushintshe impendulo yakho kwingxenye (a)?

  9. [ okuphakathi , kudinga ikhodi ] Bhala imidwebo ukuze ufanise amaphutha okumelela ngamunye ku-3.2.

    1. Yakha isimo lapho la maphutha ekhansela khona ngempela.
    2. Dala isimo lapho amaphutha ehlanganiswa khona.

  10. [ kanzima kakhulu , kudinga ikhodi ] Ucwaningo lwe-Blumenstock nosebenza nabo (2015) luhilelekile ukwakha imodeli yokufunda imishini engasebenzisa idatha ye-digital trace ukubikezela izimpendulo zezocwaningo. Manje, uzozama into efanayo nge-dataset ehlukile. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) bathole ukuthi ukuthandwa kwe-Facebook kungakwazi ukubikezela izici nezici ezithile. Okumangalisa ukuthi lezi zibikezelo zingaba nenembile nakakhulu kunabangane nozakwabo (Youyou, Kosinski, and Stillwell 2015) .

    1. Funda i- Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) , bese uphinde uphendule isibalo 2. Imininingwane yabo iyatholakala ku- http://mypersonality.org/
    2. Manje, phendulela isithombe 3.
    3. Ekugcineni, zama imodeli yabo kwi-Facebook idatha yakho: http://applymagicsauce.com/. Isebenza kahle ngani?

  11. [ okuphakathi ] Toole et al. (2015) basebenzisa amarekhodi imininingwane yocingo (CDRs) kusuka emafonini ephathekayo ukubikezela izitayela zokungaqashwa komphakathi.

    1. Qhathanisa futhi uqhathanise umklamo wokutadisha we- Toole et al. (2015) kanye Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On (2015) .
    2. Ucabanga ukuthi i-CDR kufanele ithathe indawo yocwaningo lwendabuko, iqede noma ingasetshenziswanga nhlobo kubasebenzi benqubomgomo bakahulumeni ukulandelela ukungasebenzi? Kungani?
    3. Yibuphi ubufakazi obungakuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-CDR angakwazi ngokuphelele ukufaka izinyathelo zendabuko zesilinganiso sokungasebenzi?

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