4.2 Yintoni imifuniselo?
Olungenamkhethe imifuniselo ezilawulwayo izinto ezine eziphambili: ukugaywa nxaxheba, engakhethiyo yonyango, ukuhanjiswa unyango, zomlinganiselo kweziphumo.
Olungenamkhethe imifuniselo elawulwayo ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zingasetyenziswa ukufunda iintlobo ezininzi zokuziphatha. Kodwa, xa engundoqo yabo, olungenamkhethe imifuniselo ezilawulwayo izinto ezine eziphambili: ukugaywa nxaxheba, engakhethiyo yonyango, ukuhanjiswa unyango, zomlinganiselo kweziphumo. Ubudala yedijithali akuthethi Ukutshintsha uhlobo esisiseko balinge, kodwa oko kuwenza lula benkxaso. Umzekelo, ngaphambili ukuze ukuba kunzima ukulinganisa ukuziphatha izigidi zabantu, kodwa ngoku ezenzekayo rhoqo kwiinkqubo ezininzi yesuntswana. Abaphandi ngubani niyivume nendlela yokukhokhela aba amathuba amatsha uya kukwazi ukubaleka imifuniselo ukuba kwanzima ngaphambili.
Ukwenza oku zonke bit eziphathekayo-bobabini ngaphezu koko liye lahlala efanayo iyintoni itshintshile-makhe siqwalasele Michael Restivo and jaon van de Rijt ngayo (2012) . Abaphandi bafuna ukuqonda ifuthe nemivuzo peer olungabhaliswanga kwiminikelo lomhleli Wikipedia. Ingakumbi, babefunda iziphumo barnstars, ibhaso ukuba nawuphi Wikipedian abanokuyipha nayiphi na enye Wikipedian ukuvuma umsebenzi onzima kunye ngenkuthalo. Restivo kunye van de Rijt wamnika barnstars ukuya 100 Wikipedians abafanelekayo. Emva koko, Restivo kunye van de Rijt kulandelelwa iminikelo somamkeli 'emva Wikipedia kwiintsuku 90 ezayo. Othuka, abantu ukuba lowo kunikezelwa barnstars ibixabise ukwenza ezimbalwa edits emva kokufumana omnye. Ngamanye amazwi, le barnstars ngathi kuwadimaza kunokuba nokukhuthaza igalelo.
Ngethamsanqa, Restivo kunye van de Rijt ukuba awusebenzisi i "perturb niwagcine" ukucikideka; bephelelwa kwelinge alawulwayo. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela ngokukhetha 100 banegalelo phezulu ukufumana barnstar, nabo achola 100 kubanikezeli phezulu kuye abazange kunikela barnstar. Ezi ikhulu bakhonza njengeqela ulawulo, kwaye wafumana barnstar yaye akazange wayezimisele ngokungenamkhethe. Xa Restivo kunye van de Rijt wajonga iqela lolawulo bafumana ukuba waba drop lwela iminikelo kakhulu. Okokugqibela, xa abaphandi kuthelekiswa nabantu kwiqela kunyango (oko kukuthi, wafumana barnstars) kunye nabantu kwiqela lolawulo, bafumana ukuba barnstar yabangela abahleli ukuba igalelo malunga-60% nangaphezulu. Kodwa, oku ukwanda igalelo lalisenzeka njengenxalenye kukuhla kwinto omabini amaqela.
Njengoko ubonisa kwesi sifundo, iqela yolawulo experimenti kakhulu ngendlela liphantse adidayo. Ukuze ukulinganisa ifuthe barnstars kanye, Restivo kunye van der Rijt babemele bathobele abantu abazange bafumane barnstars. Amaxesha amaninzi abaphandi angaziwayo experiment bayasilela ukuqonda ixabiso eningenakukholwa yeqela lolawulo. Ukuba Restivo kunye van de Rijt akazange abe neqela lolawulo, babeya ndilirholile kanye kwisigqibo engalunganga. Zibaluleke kangangokuba CEO yenkampani yekhasino ezinkulu wathi ukuba kukho ezintathu kuphela iindlela ukuba abasebenzi kugxothwa e kwinkampani yakhe kumaqela Control: ubusela, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, nowuphiwa ulingelo ngaphandle iqela lolawulo (Schrage 2011) .
Restivo kunye van de Rijt ISifundo ubonisa izinto ezine eziphambili ulingelo: yokugaya, engakhethiyo, ungenelelo, kunye neziphumo. Kunye, ezi izithako zine kuvumela izazinzulu ukuhamba ngaphaya lokuthelekisa nokulinganisa ifuthe woko unyango. Ingakumbi, engakhethiyo ithetha ukuba xa uthelekisa neziphumo ukulungiselela unyango kunye nolawulo amaqela ufumana Luqikelelo isiphumo woko yaloo zokungenelela sethi-nxaxheba. Ngamanye amazwi, kunye ulingelo alawulwayo unokuqiniseka ukuba nawuphi na umahluko kwiziphumo zibangelwa ungenelelo hayi confounder, ibango ukuba wenze ngqo kwi Technical Isihlomelo usebenzisa sikhokelo iziphumo ezinokwenzeka.
Ngaphezu kokuba umzekeliso ezintle ubuchwephetshe bokuba imifuniselo, Restivo kunye van de Rijt ISifundo ibonisa ukuba namalungiselelo eCebisayo yedijithal yahluke ngokupheleleyo imifuniselo analog. Kwi Restivo ukhe van de Rijt yakhe, kwaba lula ukunika barnstar nabani ehlabathini kwaye kulula ukulandelela isiphumo-inani edits-kwithuba elide (kuba edit imbali irekhodwa ngokuzenzekelayo yi Wikipedia). Le ukukwazi ukunikezela unyango silinganise iziphumo akukho ndleko ngokomgangatho ngokungafaniyo eksperimenti ngaphambili. Nangona le ulingelo ababandakanyekayo bantu 200, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugidime nabantu 2,000 okanye 20,000. Eyona nto iphambili ekuthinteleni abaphandi ukusuka kokunyusa zovavanyo zabo ngumba 100 zange malini, oko yokuziphatha. Oko kukuthi, Restivo kunye van de Rijt wayengafuni ukunika barnstars kubahleli singabafanelanga yaye abazange bafune umfuniselo yabo kuphazamisa uluntu Wikipedia (Restivo and Rijt 2012; Restivo and Rijt 2014) . Ngoko ke, nangona ukucikideka Restivo kunye van de Rijt silula, oko kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ezinye izinto malunga imifuniselo ukuba zihlala enye inxenye zitshintshile. Ingakumbi, le logic esisiseko ukulinga iyafana, kodwa izinto zitshintshile. Okulandelayo, ukuze ekwahluleni ngokucacileyo ngakumbi adalwe olu tshintsho, ndiza thelekisa yemifuniselo ukuba abaphandi onokuyenza ukuze iintlobo eksperimenti ukuba kwenziwe elidlulileyo ziye.
