intshayelelo
Kuba kum, le ncwadi waqala ngo-2005, xa ukusebenza idizeteyishini yam. Ndandineshishini ulingelo intanethi, leyo Ndiza kukuxelela konke malunga kwiSahluko 4, kodwa ke ngoku ndiza kukuxelela into ayikho naliphi na iphepha ezifundweni. Ke, loo nto yinto ngokuncamisayo kwatshintsha indlela endicinga ngayo uphando. Ngenye intsasa, xa lajonga web-server, ndafumanisa ukuba ebusuku 100 abantu Brazil iye yathabatha inxaxheba kulingo yam. Oku kwaba nempembelelo enkulu kum. Ngelo xesha, kwafuneka abahlobo abo baye begidima bekuhlolwa zemveli, kwaye ndandisazi kwafuneka ukuba kunzima ukusebenza ukuba ukugaya, ahlole, kwaye ahlawule abantu ukuba bathathe inxaxheba imifuniselo zabo; ukuba abaleke abantu 10 ngemini enye, ukuba inkqubela entle. Kodwa, kunye lam ilinge intanethi, abantu 100 inxaxheba ngoxa wayelele. Ukwenza uphando lwakho ngexesha nilele unokuvakala entle kakhulu ukuba kube yinyani, kodwa ayikho. Utshintsho kwezobugcisa-ngokukodwa inguqu ukusuka analog abakwixabiso yedijithali ubudala-kuthetha ukuba ngoku ukuqokelela nokucazulula idatha zentlalo ngeendlela ezintsha. Le ncwadi imalunga ukwenza uphando zentlalo kwezi ndlela zintsha.
Le ncwadi kuluntu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa ntle ukuba ufuna ukwenza yesayensi data, kwaye ngenxa izazinzulu data ukuba ufuna ukwenza nangentlalo ngaphezulu. Ndichitha ixesha kuzo zombini ezi ndawo, yaye le ncwadi yinzame yam ukuba izimvo zabo kunye ngendlela ithintela ezi engathandekiyo kunye nejagoni nokuba. Njengoko uluntu ukuba le ncwadi yeyakho, kufuneka aye ngaphandle zisithi ukuba le ncwadi nje abafundi kunye oonjingalwazi. Ndikhe sasebenza kurhulumente (kwi-US Census Bureau) kwaye kushishino Tech koMsebenzi (Research Microsoft), kwaye ndiyazi ukuba kukho ezininzi zophando umdla kwenzeka ngaphandle neeyunivesithi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga into oyenzayo njengoko uphando lwentlalo, ngoko ke le ncwadi kuwe, nokuba apho usebenza okanye uhlobo ubuchule usebenzisa ngoku.
Nangoku ngemihla ekuqaleni zophando lwezentlalo kweminyaka yesuntswana, yaye ndikhe ndabona amanye iimposiso zisisiseko kwaye ezixhaphakileyo kangangokuba yenza ngengqiqo kakhulu kum ukuba ndibhekise apha, kwintshayelelo. Ukususela izazinzulu data, ndikhe ndabona ukungaqondani ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo. Eyokuqala ocinga ukuba data ngaphezulu usombulula ngokuzenzekelayo iingxaki. Kodwa ke, uphando loluntu ukuba akubanga ngamava wam. Enyanisweni, uphando loluntu iindidi ezintsha ze data, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphezulu data mnye, kubonakala ukuba kuba luncedo. Ukungaqondi yesibini Ndikhe ndibone ukusuka izazinzulu data ocinga ukuba inzululwazi yentlalo nje iqelana kwephepha-ntetho zijijele ingqiqo. Kakade ke, njengoko lwentlalo Isazinzulu-ngokukodwa njengoko kwezentlalo-ndingavumiyo naloo nto; Ndicinga ukuba isayensi zentlalo wehlelwa ayisondezayo. abantu Smart sele esebenza nzima ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabantu ixesha elide, kwaye kubonakala asibobulumko ngoyaba ubulumko yonyuka kule nzame. ithemba lam ukuba le ncwadi iya kukunceda ube ezinye ukuba ubulumko ngendlela elula nevisisekayo.
Ukususela ntle, ndiye ndiyibone ukungaqondani ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo. Okokuqala, ndiye ndabona abanye abantu bebhala-off yonke ingcamango zophando lwentlalo usebenzisa izixhobo ephakade yedijithali esekelwe phezu amaphepha ezimbalwa embi. Ukuba ufunda le ncwadi, ukuba mhlawumbi sele ufunde unesiqhuma zamaphepha eemviwo isebenzisa data eendaba zentlalo ngeendlela banal okanye ezingalunganga (okanye zombini). Ndiya kuba nawe. Kodwa ke, kuya kuba yimpazamo ukugqiba kule mizekelo ukuba bonke uphando zentlalo ubudala yedijithali okubi. Enyanisweni, nawe kusenokwenzeka Unokufunda iqelana amaphepha ezisebenzisa data uphando ngeendlela banal okanye akulunganga, kodwa musa ukubhala-zonke ngophando ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo. Oku kuba uyazi ukuba kukho uphando olukhulu olwenziwe data phando, kwaye kule ncwadi, ndiza kuyiveza kuwe ukuba kukho kwakhona uphando olukhulu olwenziwe izixhobo ephakade yesuntswana.
Ukungaqondi yesibini eqhelekileyo ukuba Ndikhe ndibone ukusuka ntle ukuba ukubabhida langoku elizayo. Xa kuhlolwa uphando lwezentlalo ubudala-uphando yedijithali ukuba ndiza ukuchaza kule ncwadi-kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo emibini kwahluka;
- uyatyapha njani esi simbo umsebenzi wophando ke ngoku?
- esi simbo lomsebenzi wophando kwixesha elizayo njengoko utshintsho landscape data yaye abaphandi baya kuzinikela kakuhle njani ingqalelo ngakumbi ezi ngxaki?
Nangona abaphandi baqeqeshiwe ukuphendula umbuzo wokuqala, kule ncwadi, ndicinga umbuzo wesibini kubaluleke kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, nangona uphando lwezentlalo kweminyaka lwedijithali ayikenzeki wavelisa oxandileyo, utshintsho-ukutshintsha iminikelo yengqondo, izinga ukuphuculwa yophando ubudala lwedijithali kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Yile isantya tshintsho, ngaphezu kwinqanaba lwangoku, eyenza uphando ubudala yedijithali umdla kum.
Nangona ukuba umhlathi wokugqibela ngathi kubingelela kuwe ubutyebi ezinokubakho ngexesha elithile ekungaqinisekwanga kwixesha elizayo, injongo yam kule ncwadi ukuba ukuthengisa naluphi uhlobo oluthile yophando. Mna ngokobuqu nezabelo kwi kuTwitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple okanye nayiphi na enye inkampani Tech (nangona, ngenxa yokuveza ezipheleleyo, Ndisebenze okanye afumana inkxaso yophando-Microsoft, Google, Facebook). Ukuba ninoyolo kunye nophando ukuba sele nisenza: kakhulu, ugcine ukwenza into oyenzayo. Kodwa ke, ukuba unalo ngengqiqo yokuba ubudala yedijithali kuthetha ukuba izinto ezintsha nezahlukileyo zinokwenzeka, ngoko ndingathanda ukukubonisa abo ezinokwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, kuyo yonke incwadi Injongo yam kukuba ahlale zombalisi credible, Ndikuxelela zonke iimpahla entsha umdla ukuba kunokwenzeka, ngelixa unyathele kude ukusuka nemigibe ezimbalwa ukuba ndikhe ndabona abanye kweyela. Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuya kukunceda uphando lwakho kwaye akuncede nokuvavanya ngcono uphando ngabanye.
Njengoko ukuze uqaphele sele, ithoni le ncwadi isuntswana yahlukile kwezinye iincwadi zemfundo. Oko ngabom. Le ncwadi yavela evela kwingqungquthela izidanga ukuba obufundiswa Princeton kwiSebe wenzululwazi, kwaye ndingathanda le ncwadi ukufaka amanye amandla nochulumanco kuloo ngqungquthela. Ingakumbi, ndifuna le ncwadi ukuba iimpawu ezintathu: luncedo, nethemba, elizayo ebomini.
Luncedo: Injongo yam kukuba ubhale incwadi luncedo kuwe. Ngoko ke, ndiza ukubhala ngesimbo evulekileyo sesikweni. Kungenxa yokuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ndifuna ukugqithisa yindlela ethile yokucinga malunga nophando lwentlalo. Ke, amava yam imfundiso icebisa ukuba eyona ndlela ukugqithisa le ndlela yokucinga ukuba sesikweni kunye ezininzi imizekelo.
Babenethemba: izazinzulu Uluntu ezimbini ukuba le ncwadi elibandakanya-yezentlalo data izazinzulu-ngokuba neendlela ezahlukileyo kakhulu. izazinzulu data yimincili ngokubanzi; abangayiniki ukubona iglasi isiqingatha ngokupheleleyo. ntle, kwelinye icala, ngokubanzi zibaluleke kakhulu; abangayiniki ukubona iglasi isiqingatha engenanto. Kule ncwadi, ndiza ukwamkela ngekamva lwengcali data, nangona uqeqesho yam zezenzululwazi lwentlalo. Ngoko, xa wosondeza imizekelo, ndiza kukuxelela into endizithandayo kule mizekelo. Kwaye, xa ndithe ndenza ukunazisa iingxaki imizekelo-kwaye ndiya kukwenza oku, kuba akukho phando igqibelele-ndiqhuba uza kuzama ukubonisa ezi ngxaki ngendlela HIV yaye enethemba. Mna andikanyuki bakugxeke ngenxa yokuba ezibalulekileyo. Ndiza kuba kakhulu kangangokuba ndiza kukunceda ukwenza uphando entle kakhulu.
Ikamva-nokuthengisa: Ndiyathemba ukuba le ncwadi iya kukunceda ukuba wenze uphando lwentlalo usebenzisa iinkqubo yesuntswana ezikhoyo namhlanje kunye iinkqubo yesuntswana eziza kudalwa kwixesha elizayo. Ndaqala ukwenza olu uhlobo lophando ngo-2003, yaye ukususela ngoko Ndikhe ndibone ezininzi iinguqu. Ndikhumbula ukuba xa abantu kwisikolo graduate sivuya kunene ngokusebenzisa uMySpace uphando lwentlalo. Kwaye, xa wafundisa iklasi yam yokuqala into ke ngokuba "Uphando zentlalo web-based," abantu babenemincili kakhulu njengamazwe yenyani ezifana SecondLife. Ndiqinisekile ukuba kwixa elizayo into eninzi yabantu sithetha namhlanje uya kubonakala kugeza kunye lixesha. Iqhinga ukuze sihlale afanelekileyo kobuso olu tshintsho ngokukhawuleza na amanzi. Ngoko ke, oku akuyi kuba incwadi ndingokufundisa kanye ukuba usebenzise indlela Twitter API; Kunoko, uza kuba incwadi esifundisa indlela ukufunda imizila digital (Isahluko 2). Le nto ayizi kuba incwadi esikunika step-by-step imiyalelo experimenti Amazon Mechanical Bonk aphilileyo; Kunoko, uza ukufundisa ukuba ukuyila nokutolika imifuniselo ukuba baxhomekeke kwizibonelelo ubudala digital (Isahluko 4) njani. Ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa ukuthatyathwa, ndiyathemba le iya kuba incwadi wachaza ngesihloko kwangexesha.
Ndicinga ukuba eli xesha umdla kuze ube ngumphandi zentlalo, yaye ndiza ukuzama ukuhambisa ukuba imincili ngendlela ethe ngqo. Oko kukuthi, ixesha lokuya ngaphaya ezingangqalanga ezingacacanga malunga umlingo data ezintsha. Lixesha ukufumana ezithile.
