2.3.1.2 Soloko-on
Soloko-on data ezinkulu yenza uphando iziganeko ezingalindelekanga zomlinganiselo okwixesha-lokwenene.
Iinkqubo ezininzi enkulu data zisoloko-on; basoloko ukuqokelela iinkcukacha. Olu phawu usoloko-on ibonelela abaphandi kunye data nobude (oko kukuthi, data ekuhambeni kwexesha). Ngokusoloko-on kuneziphumo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zophando.
Okokuqala, usoloko-on data collection yenza abaphandi ukuba bafunde iziganeko ezingalindelekanga ngeendlela ebezingakwazeki ngaphambili. Umzekelo, abaphandi abanomdla ukufunda Rhwebani, noqhankqalazo Gezi eTurkey ngehlobo-2013 ngokuqhelekileyo ingajolisa ukuziphatha abaqhankqalazi ngexesha lalo msitho. Ceren budak kunye Duncan Watts (2015) baye bakwazi ukwenza okungakumbi ngokusebenzisa usoloko-kubunjani Twitter ukufunda Twitter-esebenzisa abaqhankqalazi phambi, ngexesha, yaye emva kwesiganeko. Kwaye, bakwazi ukuyila iqela luthelekiso non-nxaxheba (okanye nxaxheba abangazange GamaLamLomsebenzisi koqhankqalazo) phambi, ngexesha nasemva isiganeko (Figure 2.1). Xa iyonke yolawulo yabo ex-post zibandakanya Tweets abantu 30,000 kwiminyaka emibini. Xa sifundisisa idata ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo evela noqhankqalazo ngale nezinye iinkcukacha, budak kunye Watts bakwazi ukufunda ngakumbi: baye bakwazi ukuqikelela zeziphi iintlobo zabantu ekwakunokulindeleka ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo Gezi kwaye kuqikelelwe utshintsho attitudes nxaxheba ne non-nxaxheba, kwixesha elifutshane (ngokuthelekisa pre-Gezi ngethuba Gezi) kwaye ixesha elide (ngokuthelekisa pre-Gezi post-Gezi).
Isazobe 2.1: Design esetyenziswa Budak and Watts (2015) ukufunda Rhwebani, noqhankqalazo Gezi eTurkey ngehlobo-2013 Xa usebenzisa usoloko-kubunjani Twitter, abaphandi udale into ebizwa lenjongo ex-post ukuba yayiquka 30,000 abantu kwiminyaka emibini. Ngokwahlukileyo isifundo ekuqhelekileyo ukuba swi nxaxheba ngexesha qhankqalazo, lenjongo ex-post wongeza 1) idata esuka nxaxheba phambi nasemva isiganeko kunye 2) idata esuka non-nxaxheba phambi, ngexesha, yaye emva kwesiganeko. Esi sakhiwo data aphuculweyo yenziwe budak kunye Watts ukuqikelela zeziphi iintlobo zabantu ekwakunokulindeleka ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo Gezi kwaye kuqikelelwe iinguqu kwisimo labathathi non-nxaxheba, kwixesha elifutshane (ngokuthelekisa pre-Gezi ngethuba Gezi) kwaye ixesha elide (ngokuthelekisa pre-Gezi post-Gezi).
Kuyinyaniso ukuba ezinye zezi iingqikelelo lwenziwa ngaphandle usoloko-kwimithombo nokuqokelelwa kwedatha (umzekelo, uqikelelo ixesha elide yokutshintsha isimo), nangona ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha ezinjalo abantu 30,000 ibiya eninzi kakhulu. Kwaye, nokuba banikwa uhlahlo mda, andikwazi ndicinga nayiphi na enye indlela, ukuba okunemfuneko ivumela abaphandi ukuhamba emva kwelo xesha ngeliso ngqo nxaxheba ukuziphatha ngaphambili. Uhambelwano abasondeleyo babeya kuba ukuqokelela iingxelo oluqwalasela lokuziphatha, kodwa ezi ngxelo kuya kuba granularity encinane kunye nokuchaneka ezingaqondakaliyo. Uluhlu 2.1 lunika neminye imizekelo zophononongo zisebenzisa usoloko-nomthombo data ukufunda isiganeko engalindelekanga.
| isiganeko engalindelekanga | Soloko-on umthombo weenkcukacha | isamani |
|---|---|---|
| Rhwebani Gezi intshukumo in Turkey | Budak and Watts (2015) | |
| kuqhankqalazo Umbrella e Hong Kong | Zhang (2016) | |
| Zemipu yamapolisa City New York | Stop-kwaye-Frisk iingxelo | Legewie (2016) |
| Person wokujoyina Isis | Magdy, Darwish, and Weber (2016) | |
| September 11, 2001 kuhlaselwa | livejournal.com | Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) |
| September 11, 2001 kuhlaselwa | imiyalezo pager | Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) , Pury (2011) , Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2011) |
Okwesibini, usoloko-on data collection yenza abaphandi ukuvelisa imilinganiselo okwixesha-lokwenene, leyo kungabaluleka izicwangciso apho abenzi nkqubo ufuna ungafundi nje awayewaphatha esele kodwa kusabela kuyo. Umzekelo, iinkcukacha eendaba zentlalo ingasetyenziswa ukukhokela iimpendulo iintlekele zemvelo (Castillo 2016) .
Elokuphetha, usoloko-on data iinkqubo ukuba abaphandi ukufunda iziganeko ezingalindelekanga nokunika ulwazi okwixesha-lokwenene kubenzi-nkqubo. Andizange, ke, sicebisa ukuba kusoloko-on data iinkqubo ukuba abaphandi ukulandelela utshintsho oluphawulekayo emva kwexesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezininzi iinkqubo data enkulu ayatshintsha-ngenkqubo ebizwa belishiya (Section 2.3.2.4).
