5.3.3 Peer-to-Patent

Peer-to-patent ifowuni evulekileyo enceda abevi patent ukufumana zobugcisa phambi; kubonisa ukuba iifowuni evulekileyo enokusetyenziselwa ngaphezu iingxaki wokuxela.

abavi Patent kuba umsebenzi onzima. Bafumana yavele, iinkcazelo lawyerly lwezinto ezintsha, kwaye ke kufuneka isigqibo ukuba fyabo echaziweyo "kwinoveli." Oko kukuthi, igosa elingumvi kufuneka isigqibo ukuba kukho "ART phambi" -oko ngaphambili luchazwa yenguqulelo kraca-ukuba anikezele patent ecetywayo mthethweni. Ukuze siyiqonde le nkqubo isebenza njani, makhe siqwalasele ngumVavanyi patent ogama Albert, imbeko Albert Einstein owayefumana ekuqaleni yakhe kwi-Ofisi Patent Swiss. Albert afumana sicelo US Patent 20070118658 mayifayilishwe Hewlett Packard ngokuba "ifomati yolawulo kodityaniso Umsebenzisi-selectable" yaye zichazwe ngokubanzi encwadini neBhete Noveck ngayo Wiki kaRhulumente (2009) . Nantsi yebango wokuqala kwisicelo:

"Inkqubo yekhompyutha, eziquka: umqhubekekisi; igalelo / inkqubo basic yemveliso (BIOS) kuquka imiyalelo logic ezithi, xa wabulawa kumqhubekekisi, ungaqwalasela kumqhubekekisi ukuba: ukuqalisa igunya phezu uvavanyo ukuzeyisa (POST) processing kwinkqubo lwegalelo / ezisisiseko kwisixhobo computing; bakalokunje okanye iifomathi ulawulo qwaa kwindawo ujongano lomsebenzisi; kufumana uphawu zikhethe nojongano lomsebenzisi ebonisa yeefomati yolawulo kodityaniso thaca kwi ujongano lomsebenzisi; kunye nokuqwalasela u isixhobo kukhatshwa inkqubo computing kunye yolawulo ifomati siphaphile. "

Ukuba Albert ibhaso amalungelo bodwa kunyaka-20 ukuya kweli patent okanye kubekhona ART phambi? Ezibondeni kwizigqibo ezininzi patent ziphezulu, kodwa ngelishwa, kuya kufuneka Albert ukwenza esi sigqibo ngaphandle yonke inkcazelo ukuze kufuneka. Ngenxa engako lokuqamba, Albert usebenza phantsi koxinzelelo ixesha kakhulu kwaye kufuneka enze isigqibo sakhe sisekelwe iiyure 20 kuphela umsebenzi. Ngokubhekele phaya, ngenxa imfuneko ukugcina wayila ofihlakeleyo ecetywayo, Albert akavumelekanga ukuba thethana neengcali ngaphandle (Noveck 2006) .

Le meko wambetha unjingalwazi umthetho neBhete Noveck njengoko kwaphela. NgoJulayi 2005, ngokukhuthazwa Wikipedia ngokuyinxenye, yena udala isithuba blog osihloko sithi "Peer-to-Patent: isindululo Ukwalula 'ukuba wabiza inkqubo peer-ngokutsha kuvulelwa patents. Emva ngokubambisana US Patent kunye lorhwebo Office yaye iinkampani zobugcisa ezifana IBM, Peer-to-Patent ngokusesikweni ngoJuni ka-2007 A nama-200 ngonyaka nangesimo ubudala korhulumente kunye neqela amagqwetha kubonakala ngathi kwindawo engalindelekanga ukuba bakhangele ezintsha , kodwa Peer-to-Patent wenza umsebenzi omhle izinze umdla wonke.

Isazobe 5.9: Peer-to-patent zokuqhubekeka komsebenzi. Umthombo: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Nantsi loo nto isebenza njani (Figure 5.9). Emva kokuba umenzi wechiza uyavuma ukuba isicelo sakhe iphumele kwakhona koluntu (ngakumbi kutheni ukuze loo nto ngephanyazo), isicelo ngeposi kwi website. Okulandelayo, isicelo exoxwe ngokutsha zoluntu (kwakhona, ngakumbi kutheni ukuze inxaxheba ngephanyazo) kunye nemizekelo zobugcisa phambi kunokwenzeka ibekwe, amanqakwana, kuze kufakwe kwi website. Le nkqubo ingxoxo, uphando, kwaye ukufakwa uyaqhubeka, de, ekugqibeleni, uluntu ngokutsha iivoti ukukhetha phezulu iziqwenga 10 ART phambi bazindla ukuba ke wathumela igosa elingumvi patent sokuhlolwa. Igosa elingumvi patent ngoko liqhuba uphando yakhe kunye basenze kunye njengegalelo Peer-to-Patent linikeza umgwebo.

Ukubuyela kwakhona US Patent 20070118658 kuba "ifomati yolawulo kodityaniso User-selectable." Le patent uye phezulu ku peertopatent.org ngoJuni 2007 apho ukufunda ngokuthi Steve Pearson, isoftwe injineli eliphezulu IBM. Pearson wayeqhelene nale ndawo wophando kwaye bakhombe iqhekeza wobugcisa phambi: a ncwadi Intel osihloko sithi "Technology Management Esebenzayo: Quick yeSikhokelo 'ukuba yapapashwa kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo. Bexhotyiswe olu xwebhu, kwakunye nezinye zobugcisa phambi ingxoxo ukusuka Peer-to-Patent loluntu, igosa elingumvi patent baqalisa Ukuhlolisisa ngokucokisekileyo ityala, yaye ekugqibeleni waziphosa ngaphandle isicelo elilodwa, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa Intel manual ukuba yayimi yi Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Amatyala 66 abagqibe Peer-to-Patent, malunga nama-30% yakhatywa ikakhulu ngokusekelwe ART phambi ifumanise Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Yintoni eyenza uyilo Peer-to-Patent ingakumbi needyasi yindlela ukuba ufumana abantu umdla abaninzi ezingquzulanayo bonke umdaniso kunye. Abenza azikuthandi inxaxheba kolu phononongo evulekileyo patent kuba ofisi awodwa ngokutsha izicelo Peer-to-Patent ngokukhawuleza kunokuba awodwa bayihambahamba zemveli, inkqubo ngokutsha emfihlekweni. Kuhlolo kuba nzima ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ukuze kuthintelwe ukunikwa "amalungelo nokungcola," abaninzi wayebonakala ukufumana inkqubo ezonwabisayo. Okokugqibela, abevi ofisi awodwa kunye awodwa azikuthandi inxaxheba kuba nako ukwenza iziphumo zabo ngcono kuphela. Oko kukuthi, ukuba inkqubo yokuhlolwa uluntu ifumana 10 ziqwenga ombi ART phambi, lo msebenzi zisenokungahoywa ligosa elingumvi patent. Ngamanye amazwi, Peer-to-Patent kunye ungumgocagoci patent ukusebenza kunye kufuneka njengoko kulungile okanye ngaphezu igosa elingumvi patent alisebenzi lodwa. Ngoko, iminxeba evulekileyo azisoloko indawo iingcali; ngamanye amaxesha zinceda iingcali ngcono umsebenzi wabo.

Nangona Peer-to-Patent inokubonakala eyahlukileyo ngaphezu Netflix Prize kunye Foldit, iba isakhiwo esifanayo ukuba izisombululo kulula ukukhangela kunokuba ukujikelezisa. Xa umntu uvelisa manual "Technology Management Esebenzayo: Quick Reference Guide" kulula-kuba noko ngumVavanyi patent, ubuncinane-ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu xwebhu zobugcisa phambi. Noko ke, ukufumana ukuba incwadi kunzima kakhulu. Peer-to-Patent ibonisa ukuba iiprojekthi umnxeba evulekileyo zinokwenzeka nkqu imisebenzi a nga ngokucacileyo efanele zabadla.