5.3.4 Isiphelo
Iminxeba Vula ukuvumela iingcali ezininzi non-iingcali izisombululo zeengxaki apho izisombululo kulula ukukhangela kunokuba ukujikelezisa.
Kuzo zonke iiprojekthi-Netflix umnxeba evulekileyo emithathu Prize, Foldit, Peer-to-Patent-abaphandi ukubuzwa imibuzo kwifomu ethile, Abe izisombululo, waza wakhetha izisombululo ilungileyo. Abaphandi abazange bade kufuneka bazi ingcali ilungileyo ukubuza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iingcamango ezilungileyo kwiindawo engalindelekanga.
Ngoku kwakhona ukuphawula umahluko ezimbini ezibalulekileyo phakathi iiprojekthi umnxeba evulekileyo neeprojekthi intelekelelo kwabantu. Okokuqala, kwiiprojekthi umnxeba evulekileyo umphandi ixela injongo (umzekelo, ukuqikelela amanqaku movie) ukanti kubalwa kwabantu uphando ixela micro-task (umzekelo, ukuhlelwa indawo kumnyele). Okwesibini, imbiza evulekileyo abaphandi babefuna igalelo-algorithm eyona ilungileyo ukuqikelela amanqaku bhanya, le iphantsi-amandla uqwalaselo iproteyini, okanye isijungqe eyona efanelekileyo zobugcisa-kungekhona phambi ezinye uhlobo indibanisela elula yonke iminikelo.
Ngenxa itemplate jikelele iminxeba ezivulekileyo kwaye le mizekelo mithathu, ziziphi iintlobo iingxaki kuphando zentlalo kunokuba ezifanelekileyo kule ndlela? Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba anibanga imizekelo emininzi yimpumelelo ukanti (ngenxa yezizathu ukuba ndiza ukucacisa ngephanyazo). Ngokwemiqathango nucleoside ngqo, umntu unokucinga ukuba Peer-to-Patent style iprojekti kusetyenziswa ngumphandi yembali uphendlo uxwebhu kuqala ukukhankanya umntu othile okanye ingcamango. Umnxeba indlela evulekileyo kule uhlobo ngxaki exabisekileyo xa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo hayi ziqokelelwa kwindawo yokugcina enye kodwa yasasazwa.
Okuninzi ngokubanzi, oorhulumente abaninzi iingxaki ukuze bangenziwa bazive ukuvula iminxeba kuba kukuyila baxakwa ukuba ingasetyenziswa kukhokela (Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Ngokomzekelo, kanye njengokuba Netflix wayefuna ukuqikelela amanqaku kwi movie, oorhulumente ungafuna ukuqikelela kwiziphumo ezifana leyo ekunokwenzeka ukuba ikhowudi impilo ukunyhashwa ukuze ukwaba izibonelelo ukuphononongwa eyiyo zokutyela. Eqhutywa nale ngxaki, Glaeser et al. (2016) basebenzisa umnxeba evulekileyo ukunceda iSixeko Boston ukuqikelela yanyhashwa yokutyela coceko ne kwidatha ncomo Yelp kunye data uhlolo zembali. UGlaeser noogxa ziqikelela ukuba umfuziselo axelwe elaphumelela ubizo evulekileyo kuya kuphucula imveliso abahloli yokutyela nge-50%. Amashishini nazo iingxaki isakhiwo ezifana yokuqikelela ucwambu abathengi (Provost and Fawcett 2013) .
Okokugqibela, ukongeza ukuvula iminxeba ukuba iziphumo sele oko kwenzeka iseti data sithile (umzekelo, ukuqikelela ikhowudi impilo ukunyhashwa usebenzisa idata edlulileyo ikhowudi kwimpilo ukunyhashwa), umntu unokucinga iziphumo ukuba sele akukenzeki nabani kwi dataset ukuqikelela . Umzekelo, Iintsapho ezonakeleyo kunye nesifundo Intlalontle Umntwana uye zilandelelwe abantwana 5,000 ukususela ekuzalweni kwizixeko 20 ezahlukeneyo US (Reichman et al. 2001) . Abaphandi baziqokelelele data ngezi abantwana, iintsapho zabo kunye nemeko yabo ngokubanzi ekuzalweni kwiminyaka 1, 3, 5, 9, 15. Xa zonke iinkcukacha ngezi abantwana, njani kakuhle ukuba abaphandi bachaza kwiziphumo ezifana abaya kuphumelela avela? Okanye, ichazwa ngendlela eza kuba kubaphandi ezininzi, iinkcukacha kunye neengcamango kuba sisebenzayo yayiza ezi ziphumo ezinomdla kakhulu? Ekubeni kungekho namnye aba bantwana ngoku mdala ngokwaneleyo ukuya ekholejini, oku kuya kuba phambili-ejonge uqikelelo ziyinyaniso yaye kukho izicwangciso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuba abaphandi kubusebenzisa. Umphandi okholelwa ukuba kubumelwane zibalulekile ekulungiseni iziphumo ebomini ukuze athathe indlela ngoxa umphandi lowo ijolise iintsapho kwenza into eyahlukileyo. Yeyiphi kwezi nkqubo uya kusebenza ngcono? Asazi, kwaye inkqubo yokufumana phandle ukuze bafunde into ebalulekileyo iintsapho, iindawo, imfundo, kunye ukungalingani kwezentlalo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto zenzeka ukuze kusetyenziswa ukukhokela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha elizayo. Masithi kukho inani elincinane labafundi beekholeji ze engakange kwangaphambili ukuba bapase ngayo nayiphi na imifuziselo; aba bantu kuba abaviwa efanelekileyo kulandela-up ndlebe lokuqinisekisa umgangatho nawazibonayo ngenkcazo. Ngenxa yoko, kweli hlobo umnxeba evulekileyo, neengqikelelo akunguye ekupheleni; kunoko, zinika indlela entsha ukuthelekisa, bafunde, lidibanise izithethe ezahlukeneyo theoretical. Olu hlobo umnxeba evulekileyo na ethile usebenzisa idata evela Families ezonakeleyo ukuqikelela oya kuhamba ekholejini; oko kusetyenziswa ukuqikelela nayiphi na isiphumo ukuba ekugqibeleni iqokelelwe kwi nayiphi longitudinal sethi yedatha zentlalo.
Njengoko sendibhale ekuqaleni kweli candelo, akukho azikhange imizekelo emininzi abaphandi zentlalo usebenzisa iminxeba evulekileyo. Ndicinga ukuba oku kwenzeka ngenxa iminxeba Ayinakuvula eyifaneleyo kakuhle ngendlela ntle ngokokuqhelekileyo isakhelo imibuzo yabo. Kokubuyela Netflix Prize, ntle abayi kudla ibuze ukuqikelela izinambuzane, babecela njani yaye kutheni abathandi zenkcubeko bangafani abantu abasuka kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo (Bourdieu 1987) . Olo "njani" kwaye "kutheni 'umbuzo musa kukhokelela lula ukuqinisekisa izisombululo, ngoko kubonakala kakuhle kufanelekile ukuvula iifowuni. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba iifowuni oluvulekileyo bazive kumbuzo zokuqikelela ngaphezu ngeembuzwano ingcaciso; ngokuthe vetshe umahluko phakathi ukuqikelela ingcaciso bona Breiman (2001) . Zayo Noko ke, kutshanje, ndikubizile ntle ukuba iyiqwalasele le aphenjelelwe phakathi ingcaciso noqikelelo (Watts 2014) . Njengoko umgca phakathi ukuqikelela ingcaciso yoMzant-, ndiya silindele ukuba ngokhuphiswano evulekileyo iya ixhaphaka kwi-Social Sciences.
