5.3.2 Foldit
Foldit likhwelo elihle evulekileyo kuba lwenza non-iingcali ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngendlela kumnandi.
The Netflix Prize, ngelixa evocative olucacileyo, oko akubonisi uluhlu olupheleleyo iiprojekthi umnxeba evulekileyo. Umzekelo, kwi-Netflix Prize uninzi nxaxheba monakalo iminyaka uqeqesho manani kunye nokufunda ngomatshini. Kodwa, iiprojekthi umnxeba evulekileyo kusenokuquka nxaxheba akukho uqeqesho olusesikweni, njengoko kuboniswa Foldit, iproteyini yokukhwabusha umdlalo.
Protein yokukhwabusha yinkqubo apho nomxokelelwane Iiasidi Liguquka imilo yayo. Kunye nokuqonda ngcono le nkqubo, zebhayoloji bakwazi ukuyila iiproteni ngeemilo ezithile ezinokusetyenziswa njengeyeza. Ucazulule kancinane, iiprotheni bakholisa ukuya kuqwalaselo liphantsi amandla, uqwalaselo ukungqinelana utsalo ezahlukeneyo notsalo ngaphakathi kwiproteni (Figure 5.7). Ngoko ke, ukuba umphandi ufuna ukuqikelela ukuba imilo iproteyini uya kuwasonga apho, isisombululo izandi elula: zama nje zonke Lulungelelwaniso kunokwenzeka, ukubala amandla zabo, baze baqikelele ukuba kwiproteni uya kuwasonga kungena yoqwalaselo asezantsi amandla. Ngelishwa, le ndlela amandla ezingenangqondo ubandakanya ukuzama zonke Lulungelelwaniso kunokwenzeka na computationally ayinakwenzeka kuba kukho amawaka ezigidi kunye ezigidi Lulungelelwaniso ezinokwenzeka. Nokuba kunye iikhompyutha zinamandla ezikhoyo namhlanje-kwaye umkhosi kwixesha elizayo-ezingenangqondo ke nje ngeke kusebenze. Ngoko ke, zebhayoloji baye algorithms ezininzi uhlakaniphile ukukhangela kakuhle ngenxa yoqwalaselo asezantsi amandla. Kodwa ke, nangona izixa kakhulu umgudu yenzululwazi bezibalo, ezi algorithms nangoku kude egqibeleleyo.
Isazobe 5.7: Protein ukusonga. Image wadalwa kwaye bachazelwa thambeka luluntu ngokuthi "DrKjaergaard". Umthombo: Wikimedia Commons .
David Baker kunye neqela lakhe uphando kwiYunivesithi Washington babeyinxalenye uluntu izazinzulu lisebenze ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezingcono bezibalo kwizinongo nokusonga. Ukuze kujongisiseke ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngelixa algorithms babo cranking kude, Baker kunye neqela kwakhe amaxesha ndibukele wekhusi-wekhusi ukuba Visualized inkqubela algorithms zabo. Ngoxa ubukele ezi neemboniso, Baker waqala ukuzibuza ukuba kwakuya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu ukuncedisa kule nkqubo, kwaye ke waqala Foldit, ezinobuchule entle umnxeba evulekileyo (Hand 2010) .
Foldit ujikajikana inkqubo protein ukusonga ibe umdlalo ukuze idlalwe nguye nabani na. Ngokwembono lomdlali, Foldit kubonakala ukuba iphazili (Figure 5.8). Abadlali uzakumelwa tangle-onamacala amathathu lwesakhiwo protein kwaye yenze operations- "kabukhali", "ushukumise", "ukwakha" -oko ukutshintsha imilo yayo. Ngokwenza ezi imisebenzi abadlali ukutshintsha ukumila kwiproteni, nto leyo ke kwandise okanye unciphisa amanqaku zabo. Okubalulekileyo, le amanqaku libalwa ngokusekelwe amandla-inqanaba uqwalaselo lwangoku; Lulungelelwaniso-amandla esezantsi nesiphumo amanqaku aphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, amanqaku inceda ukukhokela abadlali njengoko ukukhangela Lulungelelwaniso ezisezantsi-eneji. Lo mdlalo kunokwenzeka kuphela kukuba-kanye ukuqikelela amanqaku bhanya kwi Netflix Prize-protein yokukhwabusha kwakhona imeko apho kulula ukukhangela izisombululo kunokuba ukujikelezisa kubo.
Isazobe 5.8: Game wekhusi Foldit.
uyilo bumba Foldit ngayo yenza abadlali onolwazi oluncinane ngokusesikweni wemichiza ukukhuphisana kunye algorithms ilungileyo sayilwa ziingcali. Nangona abadlali abaninzi hayi ngokukodwa kakuhle lo msebenzi, kukho abadlali ezimbalwa kunye namaqela amancinane abadlali ezizodwa. Enyanisweni, intloko-to-intloko ukhuphiswano ukuqikelela ubume iiproteni ezithile 10, abadlali Foldit bakwazi ukubetha zikarhulumente-of-the-art protein yokukhwabusha algorithms izihlandlo ezihlanu (Cooper et al. 2010) .
Foldit kunye Netflix ibhaso bahlukile ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa bobabini kubandakanya iifowuni ezivulekileyo izisombululo ukuba kulula ukukhangela kunokuba ukujikelezisa. Ngoku, siza kubona isakhiwo efanayo kanti omnye ezahlukeneyo kakhulu isicwangciso: yomthetho welungelo lomenzi. Lo mzekelo lokugqibela anengxaki umnxeba evulekileyo ibonisa ukuba nazo zingasetyenziswa izicwangciso ezingalindelwanga ngokucacileyo efanele zabadla.
