5.4.3 Isiphelo
OluHanjiswa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunokwenzeka, kwaye kwixesha elizayo mhlawumbi kuya kubandakanya ubuchwepheshe kunye inxaxheba isixando.
Njengoko eBird ibonisa, isasazwe ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kusetyenziswa uphando lobunzululwazi. Ngaphezu koko, PhotoCity ibonisa ukuba iingxaki ezinxulumene isampuli nomgangatho data zisenokuba solvable.
wababela umsebenzi ukuqokelelwa kwedatha njani uphando loluntu? Umzekelo omhle iphuma umsebenzi Susan Watkins noogxa bakhe phezu Malawi IiJenali Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Kule projekthi, 22 bahlali ebizwa-"iintatheli" -kept "iijenali ngesiZulu" sibhalwe, iinkcukacha, iincoko ke akuva ngaye AIDS kubomi bemihla abantu abaqhelekileyo (ngelo xesha iprojekthi yaqalisa, malunga ne-15% yabantu abadala eMalawi zosulelwe HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Ngenxa yemeko yabo njengothatha, ezi iintatheli bakwazi ndive incoko ekufanele ukuba itshixwe Susan Watkins kunye nabathatha bayo Western uphando (Ndiza ukuxoxa zokuziphatha le kamva kwisahluko xa Ndikubekela amacebiso uziyilela iprojekthi yakho ubunzima intsebenziswano ). Idatha evela Project Malawi IiJenali kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani kweziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba projekthi yaqala, bangaphandle abaninzi bakholwa ukuba kwabakho ukuzola malunga AIDS eAfrika sub-Sahara, kodwa iijenali wabonisa ukuba oku ngokucacileyo akunjalo: iintatheli layiva amakhulu ncoko ngesihloko, kwiindawo ezifana umngcwabo , nemivalo, kunye neecawa. Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo ezi ncoko wanceda abaphandi baqonde ngcono ezinye kwinkcaso ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom; indlela yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom ukuba yenziwe imiyalezo kwimpilo yoluntu wawungangqinelani yindlela ukuba luxoxwe kubomi bemihla ngemihla (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Kakade ke, ngathi idata eBird, idata evela Malawi IiJenali Project ayikho egqibeleleyo, umba exoxwe Watkins nabalingane ngokweenkcukacha. Umzekelo, incoko ebhalwe ayinguwe random sample of zonke iincoko ezinokwenzeka. Kunoko, lukwa ubalo engagqibelelanga bencokola AIDS. Ngokomgangatho data, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iintatheli zawo neentatheli ezikumgangatho ophezulu, njengoko oko kungqinwa tshintshi neejenali kunye liphela neejenali. Ngaphezu koko, xa iintatheli ngokwaneleyo asasazwa isicwangciso esincinane ngokwaneleyo kunye neengxelo zijolise ngesihloko esithile, angafuneki nganto waba kunokwenzeka, oko kwandisa ukuzithemba ubulunga data. Umzekelo, ngumsebenzi ngesondo ogama "Stella" wabonisa amaxesha amaninzi amaphephancwadi oonondaba ezine ezahlukeneyo (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Njengoko kwakunjalo PhotoCity, ukusetyenziswa angafuneki nganto kukho umgaqo obalulekileyo zokuxabisa ukuqinisekisa data kwiiprojekthi nokuqokelelwa kwedatha isasazwe. Ukwenzela ukwakha ezinye qatha yakho, Itheyibhile 5.3 ibonisa neminye imizekelo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha isasazwe uphando lwentlalo.
| idatha eqokelelwe | isamani |
|---|---|
| Iingxoxo nge-HIV / AIDS Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street kungqiba London | Purdam (2014) |
| iziganeko ungquzulwano eMpuma Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| umsebenzi wezoqoqosho Nigeria and Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| ucupho Influenza | Noort et al. (2015) |
Zonke mizekelo ezichazwe kweli candelo baye bathatha inxaxheba: iintatheli yayishicilelwe iincoko beva; birders kwikhompyutha zabo lokuzikhumbuza zintyiloza; okanye abadlali kwikhompyutha iifoto zabo. Kodwa ukuba nenxaxheba into oluzenzekelayo yaye akazange afune ubuchule ezithile okanye ixesha angenise? Esi sithembiso ezinikezelwa "Ukuzibona nxaxheba" okanye "abantu-yinkampani ebka Ukuzibona." Ngokomzekelo, Pothole okhuselo, iprojekthi ngokuthi izazinzulu MIT, ekhwele GPS accelerometers zixhotyiswe ngaphakathi iinqwelo iteksi ezisixhenxe kummandla Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Ngokuba uqhuba phezu pothole ishiya umqondiso Accelerometer eqondeka kakuhle, ezi zixhobo, xa zibekwe ngaphakathi iiteksi uhambisa, uyakwazi ukwenza iimephu pothole yaseKapa. Kakade ke, iiteksi musa randomly ibinza iindlela, kodwa edliswe iiteksi ngokwaneleyo, ukuze kubekho usasazo eyaneleyo ukunika ulwazi malunga iinxalenye ezinkulu baya esixekweni. A inzuzo yesibini lweenkqubo kwisixando ukuba sithembele iteknoloji kukuba de-ubuchule kwinkqubo negalelo data: nangona kufuna ubuchule ukuba negalelo eBird (kuba udinga ukuba bakwazi ukuchonga ngokuthembekileyo iintlobo zeentaka), oko kufuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo ukuba negalelo Pothole Iqumrhu.
Ukuya phambili, ndiyakrokra ukuba iiprojekthi ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha ezininzi isasazwe uya kuqala ukusebenzisa izakhono mobile phones ukuba sele ithwalwa amawaka ezigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke. Ezi phones sele inani elikhulu boluvo ebalulekileyo zokulinganisela, ezifana lizwi, iikhamera, izixhobo GPS, iwotshi. Ngaphezu koko, ezi phones Mobile inkxaso Usetyenziso wesithathu-zeqela eyenza abaphandi ulawulo abanye phezu elandelwayo ukuqokelelwa kwedatha namdla. Okokugqibela, le phones kufuneka connectivity-Internet, obabangela ukuba off-ukulayisha data abaze. Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zobugcisa ukusuka boluvo engeyizizo ubomi bebhetri kangako, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ngxaki ningalinciphisi ekuhambeni kwexesha njengoko nobugcisa luphuhla. Imiba enxulumene yabucala kunye yokuziphatha, kwelinye icala, ukuze ufumane inzima kakhulu njengoko ezobugcisa iphuhlisa; Ndiza kubuyela imibuzo yeenqobo xa Ndikubekela amacebiso uziyilela ubunzima intsebenziswano yakho.
Kwiiprojekthi ukuqokelelwa kwedatha zisasazwe, amavolontiya igalelo iinkcukacha malunga ihlabathi. Le ndlela sele isetyenziswe ngempumelelo, kwaye elizayo kuya kufuneka ukujongana isampuli nomgangatho data inkxalabo. Ngethamsanqa, iiprojekthi ezikhoyo ezifana PhotoCity and Pothole Iqumrhu bacebisa izisombululo zezi ngxaki. Njengoko iiprojekthi ezininzi usebenzisa iteknoloji eyenza inxaxheba de-abanezakhono zezenzi, isasazwe iiprojekthi ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kakhulu kufuneka kwandisa isikali, ukuze abaphandi ukuqokelela data ukuba nje zingafikeleleki ngaphambili.
