5.1 Intshayelelo
Wikipedia iyamangalisa. A intsebenziswano ubunzima amavolontiya udale encyclopedia kwamnandi ukuba iyafumaneka wonke. Undoqo Impumelelo Wikipedia yaba yakulazi entsha; kunoko, yaba uhlobo olutsha yentsebenziswano. Ubudala yesuntswana, ngethamsanqa, lwenza iintlobo ezintsha ezininzi ngentsebenziswano. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kufuneka sizibuze: izinto ezinkulu zenzululwazi iingxaki-ngxaki ukuba singabi nako ukusombulula ngabanye-thina ngoku ndithethe ndawonye?
Intsebenziswano kuphando nto intsha, kunjalo. Yintoni entsha, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubudala yedijithali lwenza ngentsebenziswano iseti ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo okungakumbi abantu: ezigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke kunye ukufikelela kwi-Internet. Ndilindele ukuba ezi intsebenziswano amatsha ubunzima nemiphumo ezimangalisayo nje ngenxa inani labantu ababandakanyekayo kodwa ngenxa yokuba izakhono zabo ezahlukeneyo kunye neembono. njani ukubandakanya bonke kunye uqhagamshelo Internet kwinkqubo yethu yophando? Yintoni onokuyenza kunye nabancedisi zophando 100? Kuthekani 100,000 basebenzisana abanezakhono?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ngentsebenziswano ubunzima, kwaye izazinzulu computer ngokokuqhelekileyo ndiwahlanganise ibe ngamahlelo inani elikhulu ngokobunjani zobugcisa (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Kwesi sahluko, ke, ndiza ngokwamacandelo iiprojekthi intsebenziswano ubunzima ngokusekelwe njani baya kusetyenziswa kuphando kwezentlalo. Ingakumbi, ndicinga ukuba kuluncedo ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezintathu iiprojekthi: kokubalwa babantu, umnxeba evulekileyo, yaza yasasazwa nokuqokelelwa kwedatha (Figure 5.1).
Ndiza ukuchaza nganye kwezi ntlobo ngokweenkcukacha kakhulu kamva kwisahluko, kodwa ngoku makhe ukuchaza ngamnye ngokufutshane enye. Iiprojekthi intelekelelo Human eyifaneleyo ngokucacileyo iingxaki lula-umsebenzi-enkulu akhasayo ezifana esiqwini kwesigidi imifanekiso. Ezi projekthi ukuba ngaphambili ukuze kuye kwenziwa ngabancedisi uphando isidanga. Iminikelo musa kufuna izakhono ezinxulumene-msebenzi, nangokomsebenzi yokugqibela ngokuqhelekileyo avareji yonke iminikelo. Umzekelo ezaziwa yeprojekthi intelekelelo lomntu Galaxy Zoo, apho amavolontiya ikhulu lamawaka wanceda izazi Cazulula kwesigidi iminyele. Iiprojekthi umnxeba Open eyifaneleyo ngokucacileyo iingxaki apho ufuna inoveli neempendulo engalindelekanga ukuba aliqulunqileyo ngokucacileyo imibuzo. Ezi projekthi ukuba elidlulileyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngokubuza oogxa. Igalelo kuza nabantu abanezakhono ezizodwa ezinxulumene-msebenzi, nangokomsebenzi lokugqibela ngokuqhelekileyo yeyona ilungileyo yonke iminikelo. Umzekelo classic ngomnxeba evulekileyo na Prize Netflix, apho amawaka koosonzululwazi imigewu wasebenza ukuphuhlisa algorithms ezintsha ukuqikelela amanqaku zabathengi kweefilimu. Okokugqibela, iiprojekthi nokuqokelelwa kwedatha isasazwe eyifaneleyo ngokucacileyo ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ezinkulu-scale. Ezi projekthi ukuba ngaphambili ukuze kuye kwenziwa ngabancedisi uphando isidanga okanye iinkampani uphando uphando. Iminikelo ngokokuqhelekileyo kuvela abantu abakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiindawo ukuba abaphandi musa, kwaye imveliso yokugqibela yingqokelela elula iminikelo. Umzekelo classic zengqokelela data isasazwe na eBird, apho amakhulu amawaka amavolontiya igalelo iingxelo iintaka ubone.
Isazobe 5.1: Mass intsebenziswano lomzobo. Esi sahluko esicwangciswe ngeenxa iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo ubunzima intsebenziswano: intelekelelo babantu, umnxeba evulekileyo, yaza yasasazwa nokuqokelelwa kwedatha. Okuninzi ngokubanzi, intsebenziswano ubunzima ngokudibanisa iimbono ezivela kumacandelo afana kwinzululwazi ungummi, crowdsourcing, kunye nobukrelekrele nabaqeshi.
Ngentsebenziswano Mass i ende, esisityebi imbali kwiinkalo ezifana ngeenkwenkwezi (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) kunye eziphilayo (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , kodwa ke akukabikho eqhelekileyo kuphando lwentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchaza iiprojekthi yimpumelelo kwezinye amasimi kunye nokubonelela siseko engundoqo embalwa, ndiyathemba kuni ondohlwayayo ngezinto ezimbini. Okokuqala, intsebenziswano ubunzima ingacaciswa uphando lwentlalo. Kunye, okwesibini, abaphandi abasebenzisa ubunzima intsebenziswano uya kuba nakho ukusombulula iingxaki ngaphambili ngathi akunakwenzeka. Nangona intsebenziswano ubunzima kudla ngokukhuthazwa njengendlela ukugcina imali, oko okuninzi kunoko. Njengoko ndiza kukubonisa, intsebenziswano ubunzima nto nje ukuvumela ukuba senze uphando ayibizi, yenza ukuba senze uphando ngcono.
Kwisahluko ngezantsi, ngamnye iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo ubunzima intsebenziswano, ndiya ukuchaza ngumzekelo prototypical; ukubonisa iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kunye imizekelo engaphezulu; yaye ekugqibeleni uchaze nendlela olu hlobo intsebenziswano ubunzima ukuze kusetyenziswa kuphando kwezentlalo. Isahluko luya kuqukunjelwa ngemigaqo emihlanu enokukunceda eyakho iprojekthi yakho ubunzima intsebenziswano.
