6.4.4 Intlonelo Law and Public Inzala
Intlonelo uMthetho Inzala Public Iandisa Umgaqo Beneficence ngaphaya nxaxheba uphando ezithile ukuquka bonke abachaphazelekayo.
Umgaqo yesine yokugqibela ukuze akhokele iingcinga zakho Intlonelo Law and Public Inzala. Lo mgaqo livela Report Menlo, kwaye ngoko kwaziwa ngaphantsi kakuhle abaphandi zentlalo. INgxelo Menlo uxoxa ukuba siseko Intlonelo Law and Public Inzala ngokupheleleyo umgaqo Beneficence, kodwa iNgxelo Menlo zikhalazela ukuba ufanele ingqalelo ecacileyo. Engqondweni yam, eyona ndlela ukucinga ngalo mgaqo kukuba Beneficence ithande ukuba ingqalelo nxaxheba yaye Intlonelo Law and Public Inzala ngokucacileyo ikhuthaza abaphandi ukuba nembono ebanzi kwaye ziquka umthetho iingcamango zabo. Xa uphando-ezifana ubudala analog njengoko uphando zemveli bekuhlolwa-abaphandi ukuba akubonakali ukwaphula umthetho ngengozi. Xa uphando ekhompyutheni, oku kukuthi, ngelishwa, ngaphantsi oyinyaniso kakhulu.
KwiNgxelo Menlo, Intlonelo Law and Public Inzala inkalo ezibini ezicacileyo: (1) Ukuthobela kunye (2) uxanduva Ukungafihlisi-based. Ukuthobela kuthetha ukuba abaphandi kuzama ukuchonga nokuthobela imithetho echaphazelekayo, izivumelwano, kunye ngokwemigaqo yenkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthobela kuthetha ukuba umphandi ucinga kumane umxholo website kufuneka ufunde kwaye ingqalelo imiqathango-of-service yesivumelwano loo website. Kusenokubakho, kunjalo, kuba iimeko apho kuvumelekileyo ukungahloneli ngokwemigaqo yenkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, ngaxa lithile bobabini Verizon and AT & T kwafuneka ngokwemigaqo yenkonzo eyayingabavumeli abathengi ukuba sibagxeke kubo (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Abaphandi kufuneka ngokuzenzekelayo ubotshelelwe ezinjalo izivumelwano ngokwemigaqo-of-nkonzo. Ngokunqwenelekayo, ukuba abaphandi iyangqubana ngokwemiqathango yezivumelwano inkonzo, kufuneka achaze isigqibo ekuhleni (umzekelo, Soeller et al. (2016) ). Kodwa, oku phandle linokubhenca abaphandi ukuba umngcipheko zomthetho yongezwe. EUnited States, umzekelo, i-Computer Ubuqhetseba Abuse Act wenza mthethweni ndaphule ngokwemiqathango yezivumelwano yenkonzo (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016) .
Ngaphezu koko, ukuphendula elubala-esekelwe kuthetha ukuba abaphandi kufuneka ukuba kucace gca malunga iinjongo, iindlela kunye neziphumo kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo zophando kunye nokuthatha uxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Enye indlela cinga ngale uxanduva ukungafihli-based kukuba uzama ukukhusela uluntu lophando ekwenzeni izinto emfihlekweni. Le uxanduva ukungafihli-based yenza indima ezibanzi kuluntu lophando kunye noluntu mpikiswano esesikweni, nto leyo ibalulekileyo zombini ngezizathu zokuziphatha kwaye aluncedo.
Ukusebenzisa umgaqo Intlonelo uMthetho Inzala Public kwezi zifundo zithathu ubonisa abanye abaphandi nokuntsonkotha nazo xa kufikwa umthetho. Umzekelo, Grimmelmann (2015) elubala ukuba njengesifo Emotional Mhlawumbi ezingekho phantsi komthetho kwiNtetho Maryland. Ngokukodwa, Maryland House Bill 917, owamiselwa ngowe-2002, luqhubeke izikhuselo Rule Common bonke uphando olwenziwe Maryland, elizimeleyo umthombo wenkxaso (ukukhumbula ukuba iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Emotional njengesifo waye abawuthobeli Rule Common phantsi Federal uMthetho kuba lwaqhutywa kula Facebook, kwiziko akayamkeli imali yophando evela US Government). Noko ke, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba Maryland House Bill 917 iyodwa nomgaqo [ Grimmelmann (2015) ; p. 237-238]. Ukuziqhelisa abaphandi zentlalo bengengabo abagwebi, kwaye ke ngoko axhotyiswe ukuqonda ukuhlola nomGaqo imithetho zonke 50 US States. Le ngxuba zokungabonakali kwiiprojekthi ngamazwe. Elithile, umzekelo, ababandakanyekayo nxaxheba abavela kumazwe 170, nto leyo eyenza ukuthotyelwa komthetho kakhulu nzima. Ukuphendula esemthethweni luyathandabuzeka, abaphandi kufuneka qaphela ukuba baziyele wesithathu-party kwakhona yokuziphatha umsebenzi wabo, njengoko zombini njengomthombo ingcebiso malunga neemfuno zomthetho kunye njengomkhuseli zobuqu ukuba uphando yabo ngabom mthethweni.
Kwelinye icala, zonke zontathu izifundo epapashwe iziphumo zabo kwiijenali zemfundo ekwenzeni uxanduva elubala-based. Enyanisweni, Emotional njengesifo yapapashwa ufikelelo evulekileyo kuluntu lophando kunye noluntu ngokubanzi axelelwa-emva ngoko isibakala-malunga kuyilo iziphumo zophando. Umgaqo omnye seeRrand ukuhlola elubala-based intembeko uzibuze: Bendiya kuba kakuhle xa iinkqubo zam uphando zabhalwa malunga kwiphepha phambi ndaba yam kwidolophu ekhaya? Ukuba impendulo nto, loo nto luphawu ngamandla ukuba uyilo lwakho uphando kufuneka utshintsho.
Elokuphetha, iNgxelo Belmont kunye neNgxelo Menlo ukundulula imigaqo ezine ezinokusetyenziswa ukuhlola uphando: Ukuhlonela Abantu, Beneficence, Justice, Nokuhlonela Law and Public Inzala. Ukusebenzisa le migaqo ezine mkhwa akusoloko ngqo, kwaye loo nto ifuna balancing nzima. Ngokomzekelo, xa besenza isigqibo sokuba abuze nxaxheba abasuka njengesifo beemvakalelo, Ukuhlonela Abantu Unokukhuthaza debriefing kanti Beneficence lunokubatyhafisa abuze (ukuba debriefing ubungayi ayonakalisa). Akukho ndlela oluzenzekelayo le migaqo ezikhuphisanayo, kodwa ubuncinane, imigaqo ezine ukunceda ukucacisa urhwebo-offs, cebisa utshintsho uphando uyilo, kwaye kwenza ukuba abaphandi ukucacisa nokuqiqa kwabo omnye nomnye kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.
