6.5 ezimbini izikhokelo zeenqobo
Iingxoxo ezininzi malunga zokuziphatha nophando ukunciphisa ngasonye phakathi consequentialism kunye deontology.
Le migaqo ezine yokuziphatha becala bona zivela zikhokelo ababini abstract ngokweenqobo: consequentialism kunye deontology. Ukwazi ezi zikhokelo kuluncedo kuba kuya kukunceda ukuchonga ke azikhangele malunga enye nangenkxalabo ezininzi olusiseko zokuphatha uphando: nini usebenzisa ezinokuba sikweni ukufikelela esiphelweni yeenqobo.
Consequentialism, enemvelaphi kumsebenzi nekaJeremy Bentham noYohane Stuart Mill, igxininisa ukuthatha amanyathelo ezikhokelela States ngcono ehlabathini (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Umgaqo Beneficence, ogxininisa balancing umngcipheko neenzuzo, yendele kwi ekucingeni consequentialist. Kwelinye icala, deontology, enemvelaphi kumsebenzi Kant, igxininisa imisebenzi yokuziphatha, ngokuzimeleyo neziphumo zazo (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Umgaqo Ukuhlonela Abantu, elijolise phezu ukuzimela nxaxheba, yendele kwi ekucingeni deontological. Indlela ekhawulezayo kwaye ekrwada ukwahlula ngeziseko amabini kukuba consequentialists ingqalelo eziphelweni kunye deontologists kugxininisa ithetha.
Ukuze ubone indlela ezi zikhokelo ezimbini ezingafaniyo, cinga imvume elwazini. Zombini izikhokelo ezinokusetyenziswa ukuxhasa lwemvumelwano eyazisiweyo kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ingxoxo consequentialist yalowo kukuba inceda ukukhusela inxaxheba ngokuthi evala uphando akuthethi kakuhle ukulungelelanisa umngcipheko benefit bekulindelwe. Ngamanye amazwi, indlela yokucinga consequentialist ingayixhasa lwemvumelwano eyazisiweyo kuba inceda ukuthintela iziphumo ezingalunganga nxaxheba. Nangona kunjalo, impikiswano deontological yalowo igxininisa umsebenzi umphandi ukuba bahloniphe ukuzimela nxaxheba bayo. Njengoko ezi ndlela, kukho consequentialist enyulu nokuba bakulungele ukuzirhoxisa imfuneko imvume zinolwazi isicwangciso apho kwakungekho umngcipheko, kanti deontologist ecocekileyo sisenakho.
Zombini consequentialism kunye deontology zinika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha, kodwa bangasiwa ngamnye kugqithise bubudenge. Kuba consequentialism, enye yezi meko ezigabadeleyo abizwe ngokuba lomzimba. Masithi ugqirha lowo izigulane ezintlanu ubulawa ukusilela ilungu elinye isigulane sempilweni ogama amalungu ungagcina zonke ezintlanu. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ugqirha consequenalist baya kuvunyelwa-yaye kwakufuneka-ukubulala isigulane esempilweni ukufumana amalungu akhe. Oku kujoliswe ngokupheleleyo eziphelweni, ngaphandle ngokuphathelele iindlela, iphosakele.
Ngokufanayo, deontology kwakhona isiwe kugqithise nzima, ezifana kwimeko yokuba kuthiwe nebhombu. Khawucinge ipolisa oye wathimba wogrogriso olaziyo ekuyo nebhombu ngokuphawula eziya kube seyibulele izigidi ngezigidi zabantu. Igosa lamapolisa deontological abayi kulala ukuze ukuqhatha wogrogriso ukuze atyhile indawo ezabo. Oku kujoliswe ngokupheleleyo iindlela, ngaphandle malunga eziphelweni, naye iphosakele.
Ukuziqhelisa, abaninzi abaphandi zentlalo ngokukweka kusingatha zizo ezi zikhokelo ezimbini ezisesikweni. Ephawula le sokuxuba kwizikolo yokuziphatha inceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni mpikiswano-leyo ezininzi ezisesikweni bakholisa ukuba abe phakathi kwabo consequentialist ngakumbi abo kakhulu deontological-funi ukwenza inkqubela eninzi. Kwezi ngxoxo abafane ukusombulula kuba consequentialists zinika iingxoxo malunga eziphelweni, iingxoxo ukuba ayikholeleki ukuba deontologists baxhalatyiswa iindlela. Ngokufanayo, deontologists bakholisa ukwenza iingxoxo malunga iindlela, ezo ayikholeleki ukuba consequentialists abo zijolise eziphelweni. Iingxoxo phakathi consequentialists kunye deontologists ngathi iinqanawa ezimbini abapasa ebusuku.
Esinye isisombululo kwezi ngxoxo iza kuba kubaphandi zentlalo ukuphuhlisa oluqinileyo, ngokuziphatha eqinileyo, kwaye kulula-to-isicelo umxube consequentialism kunye deontology. Ngelishwa, oko kwenzeke ukuba kwenzeke; zobulumko ziye ukusebenza ngezi ngxaki ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, ndicinga ukuba ikhondo kuphela nyathelo ukuvuma ukuba basebenza ukususela iziseko azingqinelani kunye Muddle phambili.
