4.2 Yintoni imifuniselo?

Olungenamkhethe imifuniselo ezilawulwayo izinto ezine eziphambili: ukugaywa nxaxheba, engakhethiyo yonyango, ukuhanjiswa unyango, zomlinganiselo kweziphumo.

Ukuhlolwa okungalawulwa ngokungaqhelekanga kukho ezine izithako eziphambili: ukuqashwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba, ukuchithwa kwenyango, ukunikezelwa unyango kunye nokulinganiselwa kweziphumo. Ubudala bedijithali alitshintshi uhlobo olusisiseko lovavanyo, kodwa lwenza lula kube lula. Umzekelo, kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakunzima ukulinganisa ukuziphatha kwezigidi zabantu, kodwa ngoku kuya kwenzeka rhoqo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zedijithali. Abaphandi abanokuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa eli mathuba amatsha baya kukwazi ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezingenakwenzeka ngaphambili.

Ukwenza konke oku kukhonkco ngakumbi-kokubili oko kuye kwahlala okufanayo kunye noko kwatshintshile-makhe sicinge ngolu hlobo lukaMichael Restivo no-Arnout van de Rijt (2012) . Bafuna ukuqonda impembelelo yentsapho engahlawulwanga yintanga kwiminikelo yokuhlela kwi-Wikipedia. Ngokukodwa, bafunde imiphumo yamabharstars , ibhaso elo naluphi na i-Wikipedi linokunika nawuphi na u-Wikipedian ukuba avume umsebenzi onzima kunye nokunyamekela. I-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt banikezela i-barnstars kuma-Wikipedians angama-100 afanelekileyo. Emva koko, bafumana abaxhamli be-Wikipedia kwi-90 kwiintsuku ezalandelayo. Kwamangalisa gqitha, abantu abaye banikezela iibarnstars bavame ukwenza amalungiselelo ambalwa emva kokufumana enye. Ngamanye amazwi, iibarnstars zazibonakala zidimaza kunokuba zikhuthaze igalelo.

Ngethamsanqa, i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt bebengayisebenzisi "ukuzamazama nokugcina" uvavanyo; bebeqhuba uvavanyo olulawulwa ngokungahleliwe. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokukhetha abaxhasi abangaphezulu kwe-100 ukuba bafumane i-barnstar, baphinde bathathe abaxhasi abangaphezulu abangama-100 abangabanikanga. Ezi zi-100 zikhonza njengeqela lolawulo. Kwaye, ngokugqithiseleyo, ngubani owayeseqela lonyango kwaye ngubani owayeseqela lokulawula wayezimisele ngokulandelana.

Xa i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt bebukele ukuziphatha kwabantu kwiqela elilawulayo, bafumanisa ukuba imirhumo yabo nayo yehla. Ukongezelela, xa uRetivo kunye no-van de Rijt befanisa abantu kwiqela leyeza (oko kukuthi, bafumana iibarnstars) kubantu abakwiqela lolawulo, bafumene ukuba abantu abakwiqela lonyango bancedisa malunga ne-60% ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, iminikelo yamaqela omabini ayengendawo, kodwa ezo zeqela lolawulo zenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Njengoko lo mzekelo ubonisa, iqela lolawulo kwiimvavanyo libaluleke ngendlela ebonakalayo. Ukuze ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umphumo weebarnstars, i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt kufuneka babone abantu abangazange bafumane iibarnstars. Amaninzi amaninzi, abaphandi abangaqhelananga nezilingo abahluleki ukuxabisa ixabiso elihle leqela lokulawula. Ukuba i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt babengenalo iqela lokulawula, babeza kutshintsha ngokugqibeleleyo. Amaqela okulawula abaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-CEO yeenkampani ezinkulu ze-casino zithi kukho iindlela ezintathu kuphela abasebenzi abangasuswa kuyo kwiinkampani zabo: ukweba, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, okanye ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngaphandle kweqela lolawulo (Schrage 2011) .

I-Restivo kunye nesifundo sikaVan de Rijt sibonisa izithako ezine eziphambili zolu vavanyo: ukuqashwa, ukulandelelanisa, ukungenelela, kunye neziphumo. Ngokubambisana, ezi zine izithako zivumela izazinzulu ukuba zihambe ngaphaya kwemibutho kwaye zilinganise umphumo wonyango. Ngokuchanekileyo, ukuchithwa kweengxaki kuthetha ukuba abantu abakwimpilo kunye namaqela olawulo baya kufana. Oku kubalulekile kuba kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na umahluko kwiziphumo phakathi kwamaqela amabini kunokubanjelwa kunyango kwaye kungekhona ukudibanisa.

Ukongezelela ekubeni ngumzekelo omhle woomatshini wovavanyo, i-Restivo kunye no-van de Rijt uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedijithali kunokungafani ngokupheleleyo nezovavanyo ze-analog. Kwi-Restivo kunye novavanyo lukaVan de Rijt, kwakulula ukunika i-barnstar kunoma ubani, kwaye kwakulula ukulandelela umphumo-inombolo yezinto ezihleliweyo-phezu kwexesha elide elide (kuba umlando wokuhlela ubhalwa ngokuzenzekelayo nge-Wikipedia). Oku kukwazi ukubonelela unyango kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo ngaphandle kweendleko kukufanisa nokungafani nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili. Nangona lo mzamo wawubandakanya abantu abangama-200, bekuye kwaqhutywa nabantu abayi-2 000 okanye abantu abangama-20,000. Into ephambili ekuthintela abaphandi ukuba bangazenzeli ukuzama ukufumana ubunzima be-100 ayengekho indleko; kwakukho imigaqo. Okokuthi, i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt abazange bafune ukunika abagcini bamabharstars abahleli abangafanelekanga, kwaye abazange bafune ukuzama ukuphazamisa uluntu lwase-Wikipedia (Restivo and Rijt 2012, 2014) . Ndiza kubuya kwezinye iinkalo zokuziphatha eziphakanyiswe zivavanyo kamva kwesi sahluko nakwesahluko 6.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlolwa kwe-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ngelixa umgaqo-siseko wokuzama ukungazitshintshi, ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yeminyaka yobudala kuyinto eyahlukileyo. Okulandelayo, ukuze kucaciswe ngokucacileyo amathuba anziwe ngolu tshintsho, ndiya kuqhathanisa iimvavanyo abaphandi abakwenzayo ngoku kunye neentlobo zemizamo eyenziwe ngaphambili.