intshayelelo

Le ncwadi yaqala ngo-2005 kwisigxina se-Columbia University. Ngelo xesha, ndingumfundi ophumelele, kwaye ndibe ndiqhuba uvavanyo olwenziwe kwi-inthanethi ekugqibeleni luza kuba yintetho yam. Ndiza kukuxelela konke ngeengxenye zesayensi zolu vavanyo kwisahluko 4, kodwa ngoku ndiza kukuxelela ngento engekho kwingcaciso yam okanye nakwamaphepha am. Kwaye kukho into eyatshintsha indlela endicinga ngayo ngophando. Ngenye intsasa, xa ndifika ephantsi kwam ofisi, ndafumanisa ukuba ngobusuku obubodwa malunga nabantu abayi-100 baseBrazil bathathe inxaxheba ekufundeni kwam. Olu lwazi olulula lwenzeke kum. Ngelo xesha, ndandinabohlobo ababeqhuba iimvavanyo zorabhado zendabuko, kwaye ndazi ukuba kwakunzima kangakanani ukusebenzela ukufumana, ukulawula, nokuhlawula abantu ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule mizamo; ukuba ngaba bangabaleka abantu abayi-10 ngosuku olulodwa, loo nto yayiyimpumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuzama kwam kwi-intanethi, abantu abangama-100 bathatha inxaxheba ngelixa ndilele . Ukwenza uphando lwakho xa ulele kungase kuvelele kakhulu ukuba kungabi yi nyaniso, kodwa akunjalo. Utshintsho kwi-teknoloji-ngokukodwa ukutshintshwa kwimizekelo ye-analog ukuya kwi-digital age-means ukuba sinokukuqokelela kunye nokuhlaziya idatha yoluntu ngeendlela ezintsha. Le ncwadi iphathelele ukwenza uphando lwentlalo kule ndlela entsha.

Le ncwadi yenzululwazi zentlalo efuna ukwenza enye inzululwazi yedatha, izazinzulu zedatha ezifuna ukwenza enye inzululwazi yentlalo, kunye nabani na abanomdla kwi-hybrid yale mihlaba emibini. Ukunikezelwa ukuba ngubani le ncwadi, kufuneka uhambe ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba akukhona nje kubafundi kunye nabaprofesa. Nangona, ngoku ndisebenza eyunivesiti (iPrinceton), ndisebenze noorhulumente (kwi-US Census Bureau) nakwi-tech industry (kwi-Microsoft Research) ngoko ndiyazi ukuba kukho uphando oluninzi olunomdla olwenzeka ngaphandle kwiiyunivesithi. Ukuba ucinga ngezinto ozenzayo njengophando lwezentlalo, ke le ncwadi yimi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usebenza kuphi okanye uhlobo luni lobuchule olusebenzisa ngoku.

Njengoko usenokuba uqaphele sele sele, ithoni yale ncwadi ihluke kakhulu kwiincwadi ezininzi zemfundo. Ngomnqweno. Le ncwadana ivela kwi-seminar ephumelele kwi-social science yesayensi endiye ndayifundisa ePrinceton kwiSebe lezoLuntu kusukela ngo-2007, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuba ithathe enye yamandla kunye nenwabelelo kuloo semina. Ngokukodwa, ndifuna ukuba le ncwadi ibe nempawu emithathu: Ndifuna ukuba ibe luncedo, i-oriented-oriented, kunye nethemba.

Uncedo : Injongo yam kukuba ubhale incwadi eyanceda kuwe. Ngoko ke, ndiza kubhala kwindlela evulekile, engaqhelekanga, kunye nomzekelo. Kungenxa yokuba into ebalulekileyo endifuna ukuyidlulisela yindlela ethile yokucinga ngophando loluntu. Kwaye, amava am aphakamisa ukuba indlela efanelekileyo yokudlulisa le ndlela yokucingisisa ingekho ngokwemiqathango kwaye inemizekelo emininzi. Kwakhona, ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye, ndineli candelo elibizwa ngokuthi "Yintoni enokuyifunda ngokulandelayo" eya kukunceda ukuba utshintsho lube nolwazi olunzulu nolwazi lwezobugcisa kwiintlobo ezininzi endazivelisayo. Ekugqibeleni, ndiyathemba ukuba le ncwadi inokukunceda bobabini ukwenza uphando nokuvavanya uphando lwabanye.

Ukuxhomekeke kwixesha elizayo : Le ncwadi izokukunceda wenze uphando loluntu usebenzisa iindlela ze-digital ezikhoyo namhlanje kunye neziza kudala kwikamva. Ndaqala ukwenza olu hlobo lophando ngo-2004, kwaye ukususela ngoko ndibone utshintsho oluninzi, kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba ngaphaya kwekhosi yakho uza kubona utshintsho oluninzi. Iqhinga lokuhlala lifanelekileyo ekujongeni utshintsho lucacisiwe . Umzekelo, oku akuyi kuba yincwadi efundisa ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokusebenzisa i-Twitter API njengoko ikhoyo namhlanje; Kunoko, kuya kukufundisa indlela yokufunda kwimithombo yemithombo emikhulu (isahluko 2). Oku akuyi kuba yincwadi enika imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo yokuqhuba iimvavanyo kwi-Amazon Mechanical Turk; Kunoko, kuya kukufundisa indlela yokuyila nokutolika iimvavanyo ezithembela kwiziseko zedoloji yexesha le-digital (isahluko 4). Ngokusebenzisa ukukhutshwa, ndiyathemba ukuba le nto iya kuba yincwadi engapheliyo kwixesha elifanelekileyo.

Iinjongo ezifanelekileyo : Iindawo ezibini ezenza le ncwadana-ezenzululwazi zenzululwazi kunye neenkcukacha zenzululwazi-zinemvelaphi eyahlukileyo kunye neemfuno. Ukongezelela kule nkqubela ehlobene nesayensi, endiyithethayo kwincwadi, ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ezi ndawo zimbini zineendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iinkcukacha zenzululwazi ngokuqhelekileyo zivuya; Bajwayele ukubona igalazi njengesiqingatha esigcwele. Iingcali zentlalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibaluleke kakhulu; bajwayele ukubona iglasi njengesiqingatha esingenanto. Kule ncwadi, ndiza kuthatha ityhulo elithembekileyo yenzululwazi yolwazi. Ngoko, xa ndibonisa imizekelo, ndiza kukuxelela oko ndiyithandayo ngale mizekelo. Yaye, xa ndibeka iingxaki ngemimiselo-kwaye ndiya kwenza oko kuba akukho uphando opheleleyo-ndiza kuzama ukubonisa ezi ngxaki ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye enethemba. Andiyi kuba ngundoqo ngenxa yokugxeka-ndiya kuba ngundoqo ukuze ndikuncede wenze uphando olungcono.

Sisezinsukwini zokuqala zophando loluntu kwixesha ledijithali, kodwa ndibone ukungaqondakali okuqhelekileyo ukuba kunengqiqo ukuba ndiyilungise apha, kwisiqalo. Ukusuka kwiingcali zesazi, ndibone ukungaqondani okungaqhelekanga kokubili. Ookuqala ucinga ukuba enye idatha ixazulula ngokuzenzekelayo iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwentlalo, aluzange lube ngamava. Enyanisweni, uphando lwentlalo, idatha engcono-ngokuchasene nedatha-ibonakala iyincedo. Ukungaqondi kakuhle okwesibini endikubonayo kwiinkcukacha zenzululwazi kucinga ukuba inzululwazi yentlalo yinto nje yendibano yentetho enobungqingili ehlanganiswe ngengqiqo. Kakade ke, njengososayensi-zentlalo-ngakumbi ngokukhethekileyo njengentlalo-ntlangano-andivumelani naloo nto. Abantu abane-Smart baye basebenzela nzima ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabantu ixesha elide, kwaye kubonakala kungenangqondo ukungaziboni ubulumko obuye baqokelela kule mzamo. Inethemba lam kukuba le ncwadi iya kunika enye yolo bulumko ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.

Ukususela kwiingcali zentlalo, ndabona nokungaqondani okungaqhelekanga kokubili. Okokuqala, ndibone abantu abathile bebhala ingcamango yonke yophando loluntu ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zobungakanani bedijithali ngenxa yamaphepha ambalwa amabi. Ukuba ufunda le ncwadi, mhlawumbi sele ufunde isiqendu samaphepha asebenzisa idatha yoluntu yoluntu ngeendlela ezingavumelekanga okanye ezingalunganga (okanye zombini). Ndikunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kuba yiphutha elikhulu ukugqiba kule mizekelo ukuba yonke uphando lwentlalo ye-digital-age bad. Enyanisweni, mhlawumbi ufunde iqela lamaphepha asebenzisa idatha yesava ngeendlela ezingavumelekanga okanye ezingalunganga, kodwa awubhali phantsi yonke uphando usebenzisa uphando. Kungenxa yokuba uyazi ukuba kukho uphando olunzulu olwenziwe ngedatha yolwazi, kwaye kule ncwadi ndiza kukubonisa ukuba kukho uphando olwenziweyo olwenziwe ngezixhobo zedijithali.

Ukungaqondakali okwesibini okuqhelekileyo okuye ndawabona kwizentlalo zenzululwazi kukudibanisa okwangoku kunye nekamva. Xa sivavanya uphando lwentlalo kwixesha ledijithali-uphando oya kuwuchaza-kubalulekile ukuba sibuze imibuzo emibini ecacileyo: "Le ndlela yokuqhuba uphando isebenza njani ngoku?" Kwaye "Kuya kuba kuhle kangakanani le ndlela Umsebenzi wophando kwixesha elizayo? "Abaphandi baqeqeshelwa ukuphendula umbuzo wokuqala, kodwa kule ncwadi ndicinga ukuba umbuzo wesibini ubaluleke kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, nangona uphando lwentlalo kwixesha ledijithali alukakhiqiza igalelo elikhulu, ukuguquguquka kwepaldigm yengqondo, izinga lokuphucula uphando lwe-digital-age likhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Yile nqanaba yenguqu-ngaphezulu kunezinga langoku-eyenza uphando-yobudala be-digital-yinto enomdla kum.

Nangona loo mhlathi wokugqibela ungabonakala ukunikezela ubuncwane ngexesha elithile elingachazwanga kwixesha elizayo, umnjongo wam awukuthengisi kuyo nayiphi na uhlobo lophando. Andiboni ngokwabo izabelo kwi-Twitter, i-Facebook, i-Google, iMicrosoft, i-Apple, okanye nayiphi na enye inkampani ye-tech (nangona, ngenxa yokudalulwa ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ndikhankanye ukuba ndisebenze, okanye ndafumana inkxaso-mali yophando evela kwi-Microsoft, Google, ne-Facebook). Kulo lonke le ncwadi, ngoko, injongo yam ukuhlala ngumlandisi onokuthenjelwa, ukuxelela zonke izinto ezinokuthabatha ezinokwenzeka, ngelixa ndikhokelela ekubanjeni izibambiso ezimbalwa endizibonile abanye bewela (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bawela kum) .

I-intersection yesayensi yoluntu kunye nesayensi yeedatha ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-science science social. Abanye bacinga ukuba le yintsimi yezobugcisa, kodwa oku akuyi kuba yincwadi yezobugcisa kwimveli yendabuko. Ngokomzekelo, akukho zilinganiso kwisicatshulwa esibalulekileyo. Ndakhetha ukubhala le ncwadi ngale ndlela ngenxa yokuba ndifuna ukubonelela ngombono opheleleyo wophando loluntu kwixesha ledijithali, kubandakanywa imithombo yolwazi emikhulu, uphando, iimvavanyo, ukubambisana kunye nokuziphatha. Kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka ukufihla zonke ezi zihloko kwaye unike iinkcukacha zobugcisa malunga ngamnye. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, iincwadana kwizinto ezininzi zobugcisa zinikezwa kwi-"Yintoni yokufunda icandelo elilandelayo" ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye. Ngamanye amagama, le ncwadi ayilungiselelwe ukukufundisa indlela yokwenza nayiphi na ibalo lokubala; Kunoko, yenzelwe ukutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo ngophando loluntu.

Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi kwikhosi

Njengoko ndatshilo kwangaphambili, le ncwadi yavela kwinqanaba le-graduate seminar kwenzululwazi yesayensi yoluntu endiyifundisayo ukususela ngo-2007 ePrinceton. Ekubeni unokuba ucinga ngokusebenzisa le ncwadi ukufundisa ikhosi, ndacinga ukuba kunokuba luncedo kum ukuba ndicacise indlela ekhulile ngayo kwikhosi yam kunye nendlela endingayisebenzisa ngayo kwezinye iikhosi.

Kwiminyaka emininzi, ndafundisa ikhosi yam ngaphandle kwencwadi; Ndiza kunika iqoqo lamanqaku. Ngelixa abafundi bekwazi ukufunda kule manqaku, amanqaku kuphela ayengabangela ukuba utshintsho oluthile lokuba ndilindele. Ngoko ndiza kuchitha ixesha elininzi kwiklasini ukubonelela ngombono, umongo, kunye neengcebiso ukwenzela ukuba uncede abafundi babone umfanekiso omkhulu. Le ncwadi yinto yam yokuzama ukubhala yonke loo mbono, umongo, kunye neengcebiso ngendlela engenayo imfuneko-ngokubhekiselele kwisayensi yoluntu okanye isayensi yolwazi.

Kwinqanaba lexesha le-semester, ndiza kuncomela ukubhanqa le ncwadi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda. Ngokomzekelo, inkqubo enjalo inokuchitha iiveki ezimbini kwiimvavanyo, kwaye unokubhangqa isahluko 4 kunye nokufunda kwizihloko ezifana nendima yolwazi lwengaphambi kokunyanga kwi-design kunye nohlalutyo lwezilingo; Imiba kunye neenkomfa zemiba ephakanyiswe iimvavanyo ezinkulu ze-A / B kwiinkampani; uyilo lwezilingo ezijoliswe ngqo kwiindlela; kunye nemisebenzi, yesayensi kunye nemiba yokuziphatha ehambelana nokusebenzisa abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimarike zabasebenzi kwi-intanethi, njenge-Amazon Mechanical Turk. Kwakhona kunokubambisana kunye nokufunda kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene neprogram. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo phakathi kwezi zibini ezinokubambisana zixhomekeke kubafundi kwikhosi yakho (umzekelo, i-undergraduate, master, okanye i-PhD), imvelaphi yabo kunye neenjongo zabo.

Inkqubo yee-semester-ubude ingabandakanya iinkqubo zeengxaki zeveki. Isiqendu ngasinye sinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ebhalwe ngezinga lobunzima: kulula ( ), phakathi ( ), nzima ( ), kwaye kunzima kakhulu ( ). Kwakhona, ndibhale ingxaki nganye ngezakhono ezifunayo: izibalo ( ), ukubhalisa ( ), kunye nokuqokelela idatha ). Ekugqibeleni, ndibhale imisebenzi embalwa endiyithandayo ( ). Ndiyathemba ukuba kule ngqokelela yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, uya kufumana ezinye ezifanelekileyo kubafundi bakho.

Ukuze kuncede abantu basebenzise le ncwadi kwizifundo, ndiqalise iqoqo lezinto zokufundisa ezifana nee-syllab, i-slides, i-pairings ephakanyisiweyo kwisahluko ngasinye, kunye nezisombululo kwezinye izinto. Unokufumana ezi zinto-kwaye unganise kubo-kwi-http: //www.bitbybitbook.com.