2.3.9

Imithombo yedatha Big inokufakwa kunye engabalulekanga kunye spam.

Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba imithombo ebanzi yedatha, ngokukodwa kwimithombo ye-intanethi, iyinto eqhelekileyo kuba iqokelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Enyanisweni, abantu abaye basebenzisana nemithombo emikhulu yedatha bayazi ukuba bahlala bengcolile . Okokuthi, baquka rhoqo iinkcukacha ezingabonakali izenzo zangempela zenzalo kubaphandi. Uninzi lwezentlalo lulwazi sele seluqhelaniswe nenkqubo yokucoca i-data-scale yolwazi lwezentlalo, kodwa ukucoca imithombo emininzi yolwazi kubonakala kunzima. Ndicinga ukuba umthombo omkhulu wale nkathazo kukuba ezininzi zale mithombo yolwazi ayinakuze isetyenziswe ukuphanda, kwaye ke aziqokelelwanga, zigcinwe kwaye zibhalwe ngendlela eququzelela ukucoca idatha.

Ingozi yeenkcukacha ze-digital trace data zibonakaliswe yi-Back and colleagues ' (2010) isifundo sempendulo yeemvakalelo ekuhlaselweni kukaSeptemba 11, 2001, endikhankanyileyo ngokufutshane kwisahluko. Abaphandi bafundela impendulo kwiziganeko ezibuhlungu ngokusebenzisa i-retrospective data eqokelelwa ngaphezu kweenyanga okanye kwiminyaka. Kodwa, Emuva kunye noogxa bafumana i-source-based source of traces yedijithali-i-timestamped, imiyalezo ebhalwe ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kuma-85,000 ase-American pagers-kwaye oku kwabenza bakwazi ukufunda iimpendulo zemoya kwixesha elihle kakhulu. Baye badala umzuzu wemizuzu yomzuzu ka-11 kuSeptemba ngokubhala umxholo wemvakalelo yemilayezo ye-pager ngepesenti yamagama ahlobene (1) nokudabuka (umzekelo, "ukukhala" kunye "nentlungu"), (2) uxhalaba ( umzekelo, "ukhathazekile" kwaye "ukwesaba") kunye (3) nomsindo (umzekelo, "thiya" kunye "nokugxeka"). Bakufumanisa ukuba ukudakumba nokuxhalaba kwatshintsha yonke imihla ngaphandle komzekelo onamandla, kodwa kwakukho ukwanda okwenyukayo emini. Olu phando lubonakala luyimifanekiso emangalisayo yombane wolondolozo lwemithombo yolwazi: ukuba imithombo yolwazi yendabuko isetyenzisiwe, bekungeke kwenzeke ukufumana ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusombulula isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwisiganeko esingalindelekanga.

Kunyaka nje kamva kamva, uCynthia Pury (2011) wayejonge idatha ngokucokisekileyo. Wafumanisa ukuba inani elikhulu lemiyalezo enomsindo yenziwe ngumntu oyedwa kunye nabo bonke bafana. Nantsi into ethethwa ngumsindo:

"Kumatshini Yivule NT [igama] kumbuso [igama] kwinqanaba [indawo]: EZIMANDUNDU: [umhla kunye nexesha]"

Le miyalezo ibhalwe ngomsindo ngenxa yokuba yayiquka igama elithi "OKUQHELEKILEYO," okungathi kubonisa ukuba ngumsindo kodwa ngoku kungenjalo. Ukususa imilayezo eyenziwe yi-pager eyodwa ye-pager igqithise ngokupheleleyo ukunyuka okubonakalayo komsindo kwixesha lemini (umhlathi 2.4). Ngamanye amagama, umphumo oyintloko kwi- Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) kwakuyi-artifact ye-pager eyodwa. Njengoko lo mzekelo ubonisa, uhlalutyo olulula oluneenkcukacha ezinzima kunye nolungcolileyo lunakho ukuhamba lubi kakhulu.

Umzekeliso 2.4: Ukulinganiswa kwemikhwa yentliziyo ngexesha leSeptemba 11, 2001 ngokusekelwe kuma-pagers ase-Amerika ase-Amerika (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010, 2011; Pury 2011) Ekuqaleni, i- Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) yabika umzekelo wokwanda komsindo ngalo lonke usuku. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwale miyalezo ekhutheleyo yenziwe ngumyalezo omnye onokuthi uthumele umyalezo olandelayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo: "Qala kabusha umatshini we-NT [igama] kwikhabhinethi [igama] kwindawo [indawo]: OKUBALULEKILEYO: [usuku kunye nexesha]". Ngalo myalezo ususwe, ukunyuka okubonakalayo komsindo (Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Ukutshintshwa kwi- Pury (2011) , umfanekiso 1b.

Nangona iinkcukacha ezingcolileyo ezidalwe ngokungenalucalulo-njengaleyo ukusuka kwiphonji enye enomsindo-ingafunyanwa ngumphandi oqapheleyo, kukho ezinye iinkqubo ze-intanethi ezenza umdlalo wogaxekile. Ezi zigaxekile zivelisa ngokukhawuleza idatha ekhohlisayo, kwaye-rhoqo ikhuthazwa yinzuzo-isebenza nzima kakhulu ukugcina i-spamming yafihlwa. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi wezopolitiko kwi-Twitter kubonakala ubandakanya ubuncinane ubuninzi bokuthi ugaxekile, apho ezinye izizathu zezopolitiko zenziwe ngokuzithandela ukuba zikhangeleke kakhulu kunokuba zikhona (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) . Ngelishwa, ukususa logaxekile ngenjongo kungabi nzima.

Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuthethwa njengento engcolileyo kunokuxhomekeka, ngokuyinxalenye, kumbuzo wophando. Ngokomzekelo, amaninzi ahlelwe kwi-Wikipedia adalwa yi-automated bots (Geiger 2014) . Ukuba unomdla kwi-ecology ye-Wikipedia, ke le miqulu ibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba unomdla kwindlela abantu abafaka ngayo kwi-Wikipedia, ke ukuhlelwa kwe-bot-created should be excluded.

Akukho ndlela yokubala okanye indlela eya kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlambulule ngokufanelekileyo idatha yakho engcolileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ndicinga ukuba indlela engcono yokuphepha ukukhohliswa kwedatha engcolileyo kukuqonda ngokubanzi malunga nendlela idatha yakho idalwe ngayo.