6.4.2 Beneficence
Beneficence imalunga ukuqonda nokuphucula risk profile / inzuzo yokufunda yakho, uze isigqibo ukuba wasibetha eseleyo kunene.
I-Belmont Report ichaza ukuba umgaqo-mboleko unyanzelekile ukuba abaphandi banokuthatha inxaxheba, kwaye kubandakanyeka iinxalenye ezimbini: (1) musa ukulimaza kunye (2) nokwandisa iinzuzo ezinokwenzeka kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezikhoyo. I-Belmont Report ibonisa ingcamango yokuba "ungalimazi" kwintsika yama-Hippocratic in the ethi yezobugcisa, kwaye ingabonakaliswa kwifom eqinile apho uphando "alufanele lonakalise umntu omnye kungakhathaliseki ukuba luncedo kwabanye" (Belmont Report 1979) . Nangona kunjalo, iNgxelo yaseBelmont nayo iyavuma ukuba ukufunda oko kunenzuzo kunokubandakanya ukubeka abanye abantu engozini. Ngako oko, ukubaluleka kokungenzi umonakalo kunokungqubuzana nemfuneko yokufunda, abaphambili abaphandi ukuba benze izigqibo ezinzima malunga nokuba "xa kulungele ukufumana inzuzo ezithile ngaphandle kweengozi ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye xa iifanele zifaneleke ngaphambili ngenxa ingozi " (Belmont Report 1979) .
Ngokwenza oko, umgaqo woBuhlomulo ushicilelwe ukuba abaphandi bafanele benze iinkqubo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo: uhlalutyo lomngcipheko / uncedo kunye nesigqibo malunga nokuba ingozi kunye neenzuzo zithatha ibhalansi efanelekileyo yokuziphatha. Le nkqubo yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kwimba yobuchwepheshe efuna ubuchwepheshe besikhundla, ngelixa okwesibini ngokuyinxalenye yimiba yomgaqo-nkqubo apho ubuncwane benkcazo bungaba buncwane, okanye bangela ingozi.
A Uhlalutyo risk / benefit kubandakanya ukuqonda kunye nokuphucula iingozi kunye neenzuzo isifundo. Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko kufuneka lubandakanye izinto ezibini: ubunokwenzeka beemeko ezimbi kunye nobukhulu bezo ziganeko. Njengomphumo wohlalutyo lomngcipheko / inzuzo, umphandi unokulungisa utshintsho lokufunda ukunciphisa amathuba okubakho isiganeko (umz., Ukukhenketha abachaphazelekayo abasengozini) okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima besiganeko esibi xa kwenzeka (umz. iingcebiso ezifumanekayo kubathathi-nxaxheba abacelayo). Ukongeza, ngexesha lophando lweengcipheko / inzuzo yophando abaphandi kufuneka bahlale bekhumbula ingqalelo yomsebenzi wabo kungekhona nje kubathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa nakwabangezingeniso kunye neenkqubo zentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuhlolwa nguRestivo kunye neVan de Rijt (2012) malunga nempumelelo yabahleli be-Wikipedia (kuxutyushwa kwisahluko 4). Kulo vavanyo, abaphandi banikezela ngamabhaso kwinani elincinane labahleli abaye bacinga ukuba lifanelekile kwaye balandelelanisa igalelo labo kwi-Wikipedia xa kuthelekiswa neqela elilawulayo labahleli abafanelekayo ngokufanelekileyo abaphandi abazange banikeze umklomelo. Khawucinge, ukuba, endaweni yokunikezela inani elincinci lamabhaso, i-Restivo kunye ne-van de Rijt zakhukula i-Wikipedia ngeendidi ezininzi. Nangona lo mdwebo awunakulimaza nayiphi na inxaxheba, inokuphazamisa sonke isibonelelo semvelo kwi-Wikipedia. Ngamanye amazwi, xa wenza ingcipheko / uhlalutyo lwenzuzo, kufuneka ucinge ngeempembelelo zomsebenzi wakho kungekhona kubathathi-nxaxheba kuphela kwihlabathi ngokubanzi.
Emva koko, xa izingozi ziye zanciphisiswa kwaye iinzuzo ziphezulu, abaphandi bafanele bahlole ukuba isifundo sihlasela ibhalansi efanelekileyo. I-Ethicists ayincomo ukushwankathela okulula kweendleko kunye neenzuzo. Ngokukodwa, ezinye izingozi zenza uphando olungenakwenzekayo ngaphandle kweenzuzo (umzekelo, iSifundo seTuskegee Syphilis esichazwe kwisihlomelo sesiganeko). Ngokungafani nohlalutyo lomngcipheko / inzuzo, olukhulu lobugcisa, eli nyathelo lesibini liyinkqubo enzulu kwaye kwaye inokwenziwa ngabantu abangenazo iingcali ezithile. Enyanisweni, kuba ngaphandle baphawula izinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwii-insiders, ii-IRB e-United States kufuneka zibandakanye ubuncinci omnye ongabonisi. Kwamava amkhonza kwi-IRB, abo bangaphandle banokukunceda ukukhusela iqela-cinga. Ngoko ukuba unenkathazo yokuthatha isigqibo sokuba iphrojekthi yakho yophando ibetha ingozi efanelekileyo / uhlalutyo lwenzuzo ayikuthi nje ubuze bakho osebenza nabo, zama ukucela abanye abangabonisi; iimpendulo zabo zinokumangalisa.
Ukusebenzisa umgaqo woBonelelo kwimimiselo emithathu esiyicingayo icacisa ezinye iinguqu ezinokuphucula umngcipheko / ubhaliso. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-Contagion Emotional, abaphandi banokuzama ukukhangela abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 kunye nabantu abanokuthi bangasabela kakubi kunyango. Baye bazama ukunciphisa inani labathathi-nxaxheba ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo zokubala (njengoko kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwisahluko 4). Ngaphezulu, bazama ukubeka iliso abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye banike uncedo kunoma ubani obonakala ephazamisekile. Kwizintando, iiNxulumaniso, kunye nexesha, abaphandi bangakwazi ukubeka ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo xa bekhupha idatha (nangona iiprogram zabo zivunyiwe yi-IRB ye-IRB, ebonisa ukuba bahambisana nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo ngelo xesha); Ndiza kunika ezinye iziphakamiso ezithile malunga nokukhutshwa kwedatha kamva xa ndichaza ingozi yolwazi (icandelo 6.6.2). Ekugqibeleni, ngo-Encore, abaphandi banokuzama ukunciphisa inani lezicelo eziyingozi eziye zadalwa ukuze zifezekise iinjongo zokulinganisela zeprojekthi, kwaye zazingabandakanyekanga abathathi-nxaxheba abasengozini yoorhulumente abaxinzeleleyo. Ngolunye lweenguqu ezinokuthi luza kuzisa i-trade-offs kuyilo lweeprojekthi, kwaye injongo yam ayinakubonisa ukuba aba baphandi kufuneka benze le nguqulelo. Kunoko, kukubonisa iintlobo zenguqu apho umgaqo woBuncedo ungabonisa.
Ekugqibeleni, nangona idijithali yobudala ngokubanzi yenza isisindo semingcipheko kunye neenzuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi, yenzeni kube lula ngabaphandi ukuba banyuse iinzuzo zomsebenzi wabo. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo zenkcubeko ye-digital zenza lula uphando oluvulekile nolusandulisayo, apho abaphandi benza idatha yabo yophando kunye nekhowudi efumanekayo kwabanye abaphandi kwaye benze amaphepha abo atholakale ngokupapashwa kokuvula ukuvula. Olu tshintsho lokuvula uphando oluthileyo, nangona kungabi lula lula, lunikeza ithuba lokuba abaphandi banyuse iinjongo zophando lwabo ngaphandle kokubhengeza abathathi-nxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na ingozi eyongezelelweyo (ukwabelana kwedatha yinto enye eya kuxutyushwa ngokucacileyo kwicandelo 6.6.2. kwengozi yolwazi).
