5.3.3 Peer-to-Patent
Uhlobo lwabahlobo lwe-Patent luvulo oluvulekileyo olunceda abahloli bamalungelo abenzi be-patent bafumane ubugcisa bokuqala; ibonisa ukuba iifowuni ezivulekileyo zingasetyenziselwa iingxaki ezingenakulungelelaniswa ukuqikelela.
Abahloli be-Patent banomsebenzi onzima. Bafumana iincwadana ezichaziweyo, ezichazwe ngamagqwetha eziqulunqo ezintsha, kwaye ke kufuneka zigqibe ukuba ngaba i-innovative "inveli." Okokuthi, umhloli kufuneka anqume ukuba kukho "ubugcisa bokuqala" -uxwebhu oluchazwe ngaphambili lwalo ekhethiweyo yelungelo lomenzi. Ukuze siqonde indlela le nkqubo isebenza ngayo, makhe siqwalasele umhloli we-patent ogama lakhe linguAlbert, ngokuhlonipha uAlbert Einstein oqale ekuqaleni kwi-Ofisi ye-Swiss Patent. UAlbert wayenokufumana isicelo esifana ne-US Patent 20070118658 efakwe nguHewlett Packard "ifomathi yolawulo olukhethiweyo lokusebenzisa umsebenzisi" kwaye ichazwe ngokubanzi kwiincwadi zeBeekeleck ze- Wiki Government (2009) . Nantsi ibango lokuqala kwisicelo:
"Inkqubo yekhompyutha, eziquka: umqhubekekisi; igalelo / inkqubo basic yemveliso (BIOS) kuquka imiyalelo logic ezithi, xa wabulawa kumqhubekekisi, ungaqwalasela kumqhubekekisi ukuba: ukuqalisa igunya phezu uvavanyo ukuzeyisa (POST) processing kwinkqubo lwegalelo / ezisisiseko kwisixhobo computing; bakalokunje okanye iifomathi ulawulo qwaa kwindawo ujongano lomsebenzisi; kufumana uphawu zikhethe nojongano lomsebenzisi ebonisa yeefomati yolawulo kodityaniso thaca kwi ujongano lomsebenzisi; kunye nokuqwalasela u isixhobo kukhatshwa inkqubo computing kunye yolawulo ifomati siphaphile. "
Ngaba u-Albert kufuneka anikezele amalungelo okuba ngumntu oneminyaka engama-20 kulowo menzi-patent okanye ngaba kukho ubugcisa bokuqala? Izibhengezo ezininzi kwizigqibo ezininzi ze-patent ziphezulu, kodwa ngelishwa, uAlbert uza kufuneka enze isigqibo ngaphandle kolwazi olunokuba lufuna. Ngenxa yesikhokelo esikhulu samalungelo obungelo lobunikazi, uAlbert usebenza phantsi kwexesha elixinzelelweyo kwaye kufuneka enze isigqibo sakhe esisekelwe kwiiyure ezingama-20 zomsebenzi. Ukuqhubela phambili, ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina imfihlelo ecetywayo, uAlbert akavunyelwanga ukubonisana neengcali zangaphandle (Noveck 2006) .
Le meko yatshitshisa umthetho weprofesa uBet Noveck njengephule ngokupheleleyo. NgoJulayi 2005, ephefumlelwe inxalenye yi-Wikipedia, yakha i-blog post ebizwa ngokuba yi "Peer-to-Patent: I-Proposal Modest" ebizwa ngokuba yi-system evulelekileyo yokuhlaziywa kwamanye amazwe. Emva kokubambisana ne-US Patent kunye ne-Ofisi yeMpawu yoRhwebo kunye neenkampani zenkcubeko zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-IBM, i-Peer-to-Patent yaqaliswa ngoJuni 2007. I-bureaucracy eneminyaka engama-200 ubudala karhulumente kunye neqela labameli liyabonakala libe yindawo engabonakaliyo ukuba ikhangele olutsha, kodwa i-Peer-to-Patent yenza umsebenzi omhle wokulinganisa umdla ngamnye.
Umzekeliso 5.9: Ukuhamba komsebenzi weentanga. Izaliswe kwi- Bestor and Hamp (2010) .
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo (umfanekiso 5.9). Emva kokuba umvelisi avuma ukuba isicelo sakhe siphumelele ngokuphononongwa kwintlalo (ngaphezulu nangona kutheni angenza oko mzuzwana), isicelo sithunyelwa kwiwebhusayithi. Ngokulandelayo, isicelo sixoxwa ngabahlaziyi bomphakathi (kwakhona, ngokubanzi ukuba kutheni bangathatha inxaxheba kwimzuzwana), kwaye imizekelo yobugcisa obuphambili ngaphambi kokuba ikhona, ichazwe kwaye ilayishwe kwiwebhusayithi. Le nkqubo yengxoxo, uphando kunye nokulayishwa iyaqhubeka, de kube ekugqibeleni, uluntu lwabahlalutyi bavota ukuba bakhethe iziqwenga eziphezulu ezi-10 zobungcali obukhankanywe ngaphambili ezithunyelwa kumhloli we-patent ukuhlaziywa. Umhloli we-patent ngoko uqhuba uphando kunye kunye negalelo esuka kwi-Peer-to-Patent inika isigwebo.
Masibuyele kwi-Patent yase-US 20070118658 "ifomathi yokuqwalasela yokuphathwa okukhethiweyo yomsebenzisi." Le patent ilayishwe kwi-Peer-to-Patent ngoJuni 2007 apho yafundwa nguSteve Pearson, unjiniyela ongu-software ophezulu kwi-IBM. I-Pearson yayiqhelene nalo mmandla wophando kwaye yafumanisa iqela lobugcisa bokuqala: incwadana evela kwi-Intel enesihloko esithi "I-Technology Management Management: Quick Guide Guide" eyayishicilelwe iminyaka emibini ngaphambili. Ukuxhotyiswa ngolu xwebhu, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwangaphambili kunye nengxoxo evela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, i-patent examiner yaqalisa ukuhlaziywa ngokukodwa kwimeko, kwaye ekugqibeleni waphonsa isicelo se-patent, ngenxenye ngenxa ye-Intel manual lalifumaneka yiPearson (Noveck 2009) . Kwiimeko ezingama-66 ezigqityileyo kwi-Peer-to-Patent, phantse i-30% iye yanqatshwa ngokukodwa ngokusekelwe kobugcisa bokuqala obufunyenwe yi-Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .
Yintoni eyenza uyilo loThathan-to-Patent ngokukhethekileyo luhle kakhulu indlela efumana abantu abanomdla wokudibanisa kunye nabo bonke. Abangenayo banomtsalane wokuthatha inxaxheba kuba i-ofisi ye-patent ihlolisisa izicelo zontanga ukuya kwi-Patent ngokukhawuleza kunamalungelo abenzi abenzi beeprostri abahamba kwinkqubo yemveli yokubuyiselwa. Ababuyekezi banokukhuthaza ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ukuze banqande amaphepha afanelekileyo, kwaye baninzi babonakala befumana inkqubo enandiphayo. Ekugqibeleni, i-patent ofisi kunye nabahloli be-patent banomdla wokuthatha inxaxheba kuba le ndlela ingabaphucula kuphela iziphumo zabo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba inkqubo yokuhlaziywa koluntu ifumana izixhobo ezili-10 ezingabonakaliyo zobungcali bokuqala, ezi zixhobo ezingenakuthandeka zinganakukhatywa ngumhloli we-patent. Ngamanye amagama, uMtshato-ku-Patent kunye nomhloli we-patent osebenza ngokubambisana kufuneka abe ngumntu ongcono okanye olungcono kunomvikeli we-patent osebenza ngaphandle. Ngaloo ndlela, iifowuni ezivulekileyo azihlali zibeka iingcali rhoqo; maxa wambi banceda iingcali zenza umsebenzi wazo ngcono.
Nangona oontanga-ku-Patent angabonakala ehlukile kunomvuzo we-Netflix kunye neFoldit, unesakhiwo esifanayo kwizisombululo kulula ukujonga ngaphandle kokuvelisa. Xa umntu sele evelise le ncwadana "I-Technology Management Management: Isikhokelo soKhuselo esheshayo" kulula kakhulu-kumhloli we-patent, ubuncinci-ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu xwebhu luphambili kobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana loo ncwadana kunzima. I-Peer-to-Patent ibonisa ukuba iiprojekthi zeefowuni ezivulelekileyo zinokwenzeka nangenxa yeengxaki ezingenakusoleka ukuba zenzeke kwi-quantification.
