5.4.3 Isiphelo
Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngokuzayo kuya kubandakanywa iteknoloji nokuthatha inxaxheba.
Njengoko iBird ibonisa, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kungasetyenziselwa uphando lwezesayensi. Ngokuqhubekayo, i-PhotoCity ibonisa ukuba iingxaki ezinxulumene nesampulu kunye nomgangatho wwedatha ziyakunokwenzeka. Unokuhambisa njani ukuqokelela idatha yolwazi malunga nophando loluntu? Omnye umzekelo uvela kumsebenzi kaSusan Watkins kunye nabalingane bakhe kwiProjekthi yamaLungu eMicimbi yaseMalawi (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Kule projekthi, abahlali basekuhlaleni abangama-22-ababizwa ngokuba yi "intatheli" -kuthi "iingxelo zeengxoxo" ezirekhoweyo, ngokubanzi, iingxoxo abava malunga neAIDS kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla yabantu abaqhelekileyo (ngexesha leprojekthi liqale, malunga ne-15% yabantu abadala eMalawi aphethwe yi-HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Ngenxa yobume babo beengxaki, ezi ntatheli zazikwazi ukugqithisa iingxoxo ezingenakufikeleleka kuWatkins kunye nabaququzeleli bezophando baseNtshona (ndiza kuxubusha imigaqo yolu xwebhu kwisahluko xa ndinika iingcebiso malunga nokuyila iprojekthi yakho yobambiswano yobuninzi) . Idatha evela kwiProjekthi yeMigudu yaseMalawi iye yabangela ukuba kukho iziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba iprojekthi iqale, abaninzi abantu bangaphandle babekholelwa ukuba kukho ukuthula ngoGawulayo kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kweSahara, kodwa iingxelo zeengxoxo zibonisile ukuba oku akusoloko kunjalo: iilatheli zaliva iikhulu zeengxoxo zesihloko, kwiindawo ezifana imingcwabo, imivalo kunye necawa. Ukongezelela, uhlobo lwale ncoko lwanceda abaphandi baqonde kangangoko ukuchasana nokusetyenziswa kwekhondom; ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom kwimiyalezo yempilo yoluntu yayingavumelani nendlela (Tavory and Swidler 2009) ngayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Ewe, njengedatha esuka eBird, idatha evela kwiProjekthi yeeMali zaseMalawi ayifezekanga, imbambano echazwe ngokucacileyo nguWatkins kunye noogxa. Umzekelo, iingxoxo ezirekhodiweyo azikho isampula esingenakwenzeka kuzo zonke iingxoxo ezikhoyo. Kunoko, ayingeniso engaphelelanga yokuxoxa nge-AIDS. Ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho weedatha, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba iincwadana zabo zineentatheli eziphezulu, njengoko kubonakaliswe ukuhambelana kwamaphephancwadi nakwiimagazini. Okokuthi, ngenxa yeendaba zentatheli ezaneleyo eziye zafakwa kwisimo esincinci esaneleyo kwaye sagxininisa kwisihloko esithile, kwakunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-redundancy ukuvavanya nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wwedatha. Umzekelo, umsebenzi wesondo obizwa ngokuba ngu "Stella" wabonisa amaxesha amaninzi kwiincwadana zeendaba zentatheli ezine ezahlukeneyo (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Ukuze uqhubeke nokwakha i-intuition yakho, i-table 5.3 ibonisa enye imizekelo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha yocwaningo loluntu.
| Idatha eqokelelwe | Imbekiselo |
|---|---|
| Ingxoxo malunga neHIV / AIDS eMalawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Sitrato becela eLondon | Purdam (2014) |
| Iziganeko zengxabano eMpuma yeCongo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| Umsebenzi wezoqoqosho eNigeria naseLiberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| Usulelo lwe-Influenza | Noort et al. (2015) |
Yonke imimiselo echazwe kweli candelo ithathe inxaxheba ekuthatheni inxaxheba: iingxelo zengxelo zengxoxo ezithethiweyo; Iintaka zeenkwenkwezi zilayishe i-checking lists; okanye abadlali balayishe iifoto zabo. Kodwa kuthetha ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwakuzenzekelayo kwaye akufuneki naziphi na izakhono okanye ixesha lokungenisa? Esi sizithembiso esinikwe "ukuthatha inxaxheba" okanye "ukuthatha inxaxheba." Ngokomzekelo, i-Pothole Patrol, iprojekthi yenzululwazi kwi-MIT, iphakame i-accelerometers ye-GPS ngaphakathi kweeteksi zeeteksi ezisixhenxe kwindawo yaseBoston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Ngenxa yokuba ukushayela kwi-pothole kushiya isignali ye-accelerometer ecacileyo, ezi zixhobo, xa zifakwa ngaphakathi kwiiteksi ezihambayo, zingenza iimephu ze-pothole zeBoston. Kakade ke, iiteksi azikhethi iisampuli ngandlela-thile, kodwa, zinikezelwa ngeteksi eyaneleyo, kunokufumaneka ukufumana ingcaciso efanelekileyo malunga neengxenye ezinkulu zesixeko. Inzuzo yesibini yeenkqubo ezinokuthi zithembele kwi-tekhnoloji kukuba zixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokunikela idatha: ngelixa lifuna ikhono lokufaka isandla kwi-eBird (kuba kufuneka ukwazi ukuchonga ngokuqinisekileyo iintlobo zeentaka), akufuneki izakhono ezizodwa negalelo kwiPothole Patrol.
Ukuqhubela phambili, ndikrokrela ukuba abaninzi baye bahambisa iiprojekthi zokuqokelela idatha ziya kuqala ukusebenzisa ubuchule beefowuni eziphathekayo ezisele ziqhutywe zizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ezi fowuni sele zinenani elikhulu lezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ekulinganisweni, ezifana ne-microphones, iikhamera, izixhobo ze-GPS kunye namawashi. Ngaphezulu, baxhasa iinkonzo zenkampani yesithathu ezenza abaphandi balawule ezinye iinkqubo zokuqokelela idatha. Ekugqibeleni, banokuxhumeka kwe-Inthanethi, okwenza ukuba bakwazi ukukhupha idatha abayibuthayo. Kukho imingeni emininzi yezobuchwepheshe, ezivela kwiintsholongwane ezingenakulungelelaniswa nokubhekiselele kwimpilo yebhetri, kodwa ezi ngxaki ziyakuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko iteknoloji iyaqhubeka. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nolwangasese kunye nokuziphatha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinokuba nzima ngakumbi; Ndiza kubuya kwimibandela yokuziphatha xa ndinikeza iingcebiso malunga nokuyila ubambiswano lwenu.
Kwiiprojekthi zokuqokelela idatha, amavolontiya anika ulwazi malunga nehlabathi. Le ndlela sele isetyenzisiwe ngempumelelo, kwaye kusetyenziswe ixesha elizayo ukujongana nesampula kunye nokukhathazeka kwekhwalithi. Ngenhlanhla, iiprojekthi ezikhoyo njenge-PhotoCity kunye nePothole Patrol zicebisa izicombululo kulezi ngxaki. Njengoko iiprojekthi ezongezelelweyo zisebenzise iteknoloji eyenza ukuba inxaxheba enezakhono kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba, idibanisa iiprojekthi zokuqokelela idatha kufuneka ikhulise ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba, ivumele abaphandi ukuba baqokele iinkcukacha eziye zacima umda kwixesha elidlulileyo.
