5.1 Intshayelelo

I-Wikipedia iyamangalisa. Ukubambisana kwamanyathelo ezisebenzi zokuzithandela kwakha i-encyclopedia engummangaliso ekhoyo kuwo wonke umntu. Isibalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni kwe-Wikipedia kwakungekho ulwazi olutsha; kunoko, kwakuyindlela entsha yentsebenziswano. Ixesha ledijithali, ngelanga, lenza ezininzi iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana. Ngaloo ndlela, simele sicele ngoku: Ziziphi iingxaki ezinkulu zesayensi-iingxaki esingazijonganga ngazo ngabanye-ngaba sinokubambisana ngoku?

Intsebenziswano kuphando nto intsha, kunjalo. Yintoni entsha, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubudala yedijithali lwenza ngentsebenziswano iseti ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo okungakumbi abantu: ezigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke kunye ukufikelela kwi-Internet. Ndilindele ukuba ezi intsebenziswano amatsha ubunzima nemiphumo ezimangalisayo nje ngenxa inani labantu ababandakanyekayo kodwa ngenxa yokuba izakhono zabo ezahlukeneyo kunye neembono. njani ukubandakanya bonke kunye uqhagamshelo Internet kwinkqubo yethu yophando? Yintoni onokuyenza kunye nabancedisi zophando 100? Kuthekani 100,000 basebenzisana abanezakhono?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubambisana, kunye neengcali zekhompyutheni zibahlela ngokubanzi kwinani elikhulu leenkalo ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zabo zobugcisa (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Kule sahluko, ke, ndiya kubeka iiprojekthi kwiiprojekthi zentsebenziswano ngokubanzi ngendlela esetyenziselwa ngayo uphando loluntu. Ngokukodwa, ndicinga ukuba kunceda ukucacisa ngokucacileyo phakathi kweentlobo zeeprojekthi: ukubala komntu , ukuvula umnxeba kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha (umfanekiso 5.1).

Ndiza kuchaza nganye kwezi ntlobo ngeenkcukacha ezigqithisileyo kamva kwisahluko, kodwa ngoku ndivumele ukuba ndichaze ngalunye ngokufutshane. Iiprojekthi zeenkcazo zoluntu zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi elula-enkulu-ingxaki enkulu njengokuba ibhalisa imifanekiso yezigidi. Ezi iiprojekthi ekudlulileyo kwenzelwe ngabacebisi beze-digroducative. Iminikelo ayifuni izakhono ezinxulumene nomsebenzi, kwaye umphumo wokugqibela umlinganiselo wemimiselo yonke. Umzekelo weklasi weprojekthi yokuqulunqwa komntu yiGalaxy Zoo, apho amavolontiya angamawaka ayikhulu ancedisa ama-astronomers ukuba ahlukanise iindidi zezigidi. Vula iiprojekthi zeefowuni , ngakwelinye icala, zifanelekile iingxaki apho ukhangele iveli kunye nezimpendulo ezingalindelekanga kwimibuzo ecacileyo. Ezi iiprojekthi ekudlulileyo ekufuneka zibandakanye ukubuza abazalwana. Igalelo zivela kubantu abanezakhono ezizodwa ezixhomekeke kumsebenzi, kwaye umphumo wokugqibela uyona nto ibhetele kuyo yonke iminikelo. Umzekelo omdala wefowuni evulekileyo ngumvuzo weNetflix, apho amawaka enzululwazi kunye nabahlaseli benza umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa izilungiso ezintsha zokuqaphela ukulinganiswa kwabaxhasi bee-movie. Ekugqibeleni, ukuhambisa iiprojekthi zokuqokelela idatha zifanelekile ukuqokelela idatha ekulu. Ezi iiprojekthi ekudlulileyo zenziwa ngabaququzeleli besifundo esiphakamileyo okanye iinkampani zophando zophando. Iintlawulo zivela kubantu abanokufikelela kwiindawo abaphandi abazenzayo, kwaye imveliso yokugqibela iqoqo elula leminikelo. Umzekelo weklasi woqoqo lweenkcukacha olwabiwe yi-eBird, apho amakhulu amawaka amavolontiya anika ingxelo malunga neentaka abazibonayo.

Isazobe 5.1: Mass intsebenziswano lomzobo. Esi sahluko esicwangciswe ngeenxa iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo ubunzima intsebenziswano: intelekelelo babantu, umnxeba evulekileyo, yaza yasasazwa nokuqokelelwa kwedatha. Okuninzi ngokubanzi, intsebenziswano ubunzima ngokudibanisa iimbono ezivela kumacandelo afana kwinzululwazi ungummi, crowdsourcing, kunye nobukrelekrele nabaqeshi.

Ukubambisana kweMisa kunomlando omude, ocebile kwiinkalo ezinjengeenkwenkwezi (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) kunye ne-ecology (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , kodwa (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) kuphando loluntu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchaza iiprojekthi eziyimpumelelo ezivela kwezinye iindawo kunye nokubonelela ngemigaqo embalwa yokucwangcisa, ndiyathemba ukukuqinisekisa ngezinto ezimbini. Okokuqala, intsebenziswano ngobuninzi ingacaciswa zophando lwentlalo. Kwaye, okwesibini, abaphandi abasebenzisa intsebenziswano yamandla baya kukwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezazibonakala zingenakwenzeka ngaphambili. Nangona ubambiswano obuninzi buxhaswa njengendlela yokugcina imali, kuninzi kunoko. Njengoko ndiza kubonisa, ukubambisana ngokubambisana akusivumeli nje ukwenza uphando oluncinci , kusenza sikwazi ukwenza uphando olungcono .

Kwizahluko ezidlulileyo, ubonile oko kunokufundwa ngokubandakanya nabantu ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: ukujonga ukuziphatha kwabo (iSahluko 2), ubabuza imibuzo (Isahluko 3), kwaye ubhalise kwiimvavanyo (Isahluko 4). Kule sahluko, ndikubonise oko kungafundwa ngokubandakanya abantu njengabalingani bophando. Ngolunye lweendlela ezintathu eziphambili zokubambisana, ndiza kuchaza umzekelo wokubonisa umzekelo, ubonise amaphuzu angaphezulu okubalulekileyo kunye nemizekelo eminye, kwaye ekugqibeleni uchaze indlela le ndlela yokusebenzisana ngokubanzi inokusetyenziswa ngayo uphando loluntu. Esi sahluko siza kugqiba ngemigaqo emihlanu enokukunceda ukuba uyiqulunqe iprojekthi yakho yobambiswano yobuninzi.