3.3.3 Ixabiso

Surveys Akakwazi, kwaye oku ngumqobo ngokwenene.

Kuze kube ngoku, ndaphonononga ngokufutshane isakhelo sophuhliso lwesiphononongo, esona sihloko sonyango lwe-long-length (Weisberg 2005; Groves et al. 2009) . Nangona esi sikhokelo siphelele, kubangelwa ukuba abaphandi bangayiqwalasela into ebalulekileyo: iindleko. Nangona iindleko-ezinokulinganiswa ngethuba okanye ngemali-ayicaciswanga ngokucacileyo ngabaphandi bezemfundo, yinto engqongqo engayinakuyihoywa. Enyanisweni, indleko ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yophando lophando (Groves 2004) : isizathu sokuba abaphandi baxoxe ngesampula yabantu kunabantu bonke. Ukuzinikela komntu omnye ekunciphiseni iimpazamo xa ukungahoyi ngokupheleleyo iindleko akusoloko kusinomdla wethu.

Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwempazamo yokunciphisa impazamo kuboniswa yiprojekthi ephawulekayo yaseScott Keeter kunye noogxa (2000) kwimiphumo yemisebenzi yenkcitho eyimali ekunciphiseni ukungabikho kwimibuzo yeefowuni. U-Keeter kunye noogxa bakhe baqhubela izifundo ezimbini ngokufanayo, omnye usebenzisa iinkqubo "zokumisela" kunye nomnye usebenzisa "iinkqubo eziqinileyo" zokuqashwa. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zifundo zibini yimalinga yenzame eya kudibanisa nabaphendulayo kwaye ibakhuthaza ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Ngokomzekelo, kwiphando "lokuqhayisa", abaphandi babiza iminyampu yamphathi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nexesha elide kwaye benza izicelo ezingakumbi xa abathathi-nxaxheba baqala ukwenqaba ukuthatha inxaxheba. Le migudu eyongezelelweyo eyenziwe ngokwenene ivelisa izinga eliphantsi lokungabi nantoni, kodwa zongezelela kwiindleko ezinkulu. Isifundo esisebenzisa "inkqubo eqinile" sasizibiza ngokuphindwe kabili kwaye izihlandlo ezisibhozo zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, izifundo zombini zivelise ngokulinganisela okufanayo. Le projekthi, kunye nezimpendulo ezilandelayo kunye neziphumo ezifanayo (Keeter et al. 2006) , kufuneka zikhokele ukuba uzibuze: ngaba siphumelele ngeengxelo ezimbini ezifanelekileyo okanye uphando oluthile? Kuthiwani malunga novavanyo olu-10 olufanelekileyo okanye uphando oluthile? Kuthiwani malunga neengxelo ezili-100 ezifanelekileyo okanye uphando oluthile? Ngamanye amaxesha, iindleko ezifunekayo kufuneka zigqithise ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ngokungathandabuzeki ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho.

Njengoko ndiza kubonisa kulo lonke isahluko, amaninzi amathuba adalwe yi-digital age ayenzi malunga nokwenza uqikelelo olubonakala lunephutha eliphantsi. Kunoko, lamathuba athile malunga nokulinganisa ubuninzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nokwenza uqikelelo ngokukhawuleza nangancinci, nangona kukho amaphutha aphezulu. Abaphengululi abagxininisa kwisimo esisodwa kunye nokunciphisa impazamo kwiindleko zeminye imilinganiselo yemigangatho baya kulahlwa ngamathuba athile anomdla. Ngenxa yale mvelaphi malunga nenkqubo yesiphelo sophando, ngoku siza kufikelela kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili zexesha lesithathu lophando lophando: iindlela ezintsha zokumelwa (icandelo 3.4), iindlela ezintsha zokulinganisa (icandelo 3.5), kunye neendlela ezintsha zokudibanisa uphando kunye nemithombo yemithombo emikhulu (icandelo 3.6).